Chapter 1472 Mysterious Culture
Looking at the photos taken, Zhou Zhi could easily distinguish the characteristics of Daxi culture shown in this excavation.
It’s not that the level of thoughtfulness is high, but that the funeral method of Daxi culture is so unique that it is almost unique in China. Anyone who knows it can see it at a glance.
Because the Daxi culture adopted bent-limb burial.
The tomb in the photo is an oval-shaped tomb for two people. The left side is sideways and the limbs are bent, and the right side is supine and bent. It is a typical tomb in the middle period of Daxi Culture.
Seeing Zhou Zhi pick up the photo of the burial pit, Sheng Zhaoming simply started talking about the burial methods: "The burial customs here are very unique. So far, we have discovered more than 300 Daxi culture tombs. Among them, Daxi cemeteries have the largest number of human bones. Preservation is also better "
"In early tombs, people were mainly buried with their bodies upright, but they were also buried with their bodies bent down and sideways."
"The heads of the deceased in the graves excavated this time were generally facing south. , except for adult females and Except for children buried together, most of them are buried alone. "More than half of them are buried with straight limbs, and they are basically early burials."
"In the middle period, burials are generally carried out with the limbs bent, and most of them are on the back, but there are also several special methods: one is buried with the feet pressed under the hip bones, forming a kneeling posture; the other is with the lower limbs buried Bend upward and squat on your back.”
"The lower limbs of the latter two burial styles are greatly bent, which shows that there are certain funeral rituals, and the deceased is buried after being tied up."
"Then the meaning of these burial styles has been deciphered?" Zhou Zhi It feels like the ancient civilization of Bashan and Shushui is really full of mystery.
"There are many theories now, but they are all speculations." Sheng Zhaoming pointed to a squatting skeleton that was hugged into a ball and was about to speak. Zhou Zhi spoke first: "This one feels like a baby. The image in the mother's body."
"Yes." Sheng Zhaoming said, " This is also the most common speculation at present, but there is no other evidence and it cannot explain why it coexists with other burial styles."
"For example, this one" Sheng Zhaoming picked out another photo: "This one. It is a tomb with straight limbs and a total of six people in it.”
"It would be nice to know about such special cases. It's such a waste of brains." Zhou Zhi couldn't laugh or cry: "It's like a lone word in oracle bone inscriptions, the possibility of deciphering it is almost zero."
"Hahaha..." Sheng Zhaoming said with a smile: "Then let's talk about universal laws."
"We found that the vast majority of tombs have burial objects, with the largest number being more than 30, which shows that a certain system of burials has been formed. Even rituals."
After finishing speaking, he placed a few photos in front of Zhou Zhi: "Generally, female tombs have more burial objects than male tombs. Some stone bracelets, ivory bracelets and other accessories were still worn when they were unearthed. On the arm bones of the deceased. ”
“In the later period, there were more burial objects for men than for women, but the overall number of burial objects was less than that of the middle period. ”
"This means that Daxi culture was its most prosperous period in the late matrilineal clan society, and then gradually declined during the process of moving towards a patrilineal clan society?"
"Is it possible that it was the other way around?" Sheng Zhaoming said: “Because of the increase in population, per capita living materials have decreased, requiring more fishing, hunting and exploration. Only then did men become the main force in society, and eventually a patriarchal clan society was formed?”
This inference is obviously more scientific than Zhou Zhi’s statement. Zhou Zhi compared the early and middle stages of Daxi culture handed to him by Sheng Zhaoming. , photos from the late period, it was found that it was still the middle period of Daxi Culture, the late matriarchal society, when it was the most "arrogant". "In these mid-term tombs, whole fish bones and tortoise shells were found. Some placed the fish on the body of the deceased, some placed it near the mouth, and some placed two large fish under each arm. "Sheng Zhaoming said: "This kind of fish burial is very rare in Chinese Neolithic culture, except for the Daxi culture. Except for the series of discoveries, very few have been found in other Neolithic cultural sites.”
“There are turquoise dragon-shaped funerary objects in the Liangzhu Culture, and there are a large number of fish in Sanxingdui. Could the sculptures and waterfowl decorations be the origin of this funerary style? ”
"Your imagination is a bit too rich." Sheng Zhaoming shook his head: "If it is as you said, then burial with fish should become a common phenomenon, even if the nobles and upper class would use jade and metal decorated with fish shapes for burial Things, what about civilians? Should they also keep the old ones? Some customs and habits?”
“So I prefer them to be independent cultural forms.”
“Not to mention the differences with external cultures, even within the Daxi cultural system. There are actually differences among each site." Sheng. Zhaoming continued: "For example, we discovered the phenomenon of using dogs as sacrifices in Maojiashan, Jiangling. The burial methods for children and adults in Daxi Cemetery are basically the same, but at the Honghuatao and Guanmiaoshan sites, The urn and coffin were used for burial."
Zhou Zhi. I really understand the difference between amateur and professional, and I can't help but think of many civil sciences on the Internet in later generations. In the final analysis, it is because ordinary people know too little, and use their limited knowledge and brain processing to create some shocking conclusions. to gain traffic.
To use one of Lao Guo's metaphors, netizens can seriously discuss the possibility of using matches to launch rockets, but if a real rocket expert gets involved in this topic, he has already lost.
For example, Zhou Zhi connected the fish burial ceremony of the Daxi Culture with the fish and bird worship of the ancient Shu Culture in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the fish and dragon worship of the Liangzhu Culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It seems reasonable, but in fact, experts shook their heads when they heard it.
“However, exchanges between cultures do exist.” Sheng Zhaoming said: “We have a lot of evidence about this.”
“The residents of the Daxi Culture used rice for agriculture. Mainly. We often find traces of straw and rice husks in the red-burnt earth of the house building ruins. dog outside , Judging from the discoveries at Daxi, Sanyuan Palace, and Dingjiagang sites, chickens, cattle, and sheep may have also become poultry and livestock. "
"At the same time, auxiliary economies such as fishing, hunting, and gathering still accounted for a certain proportion. in particular The cultural layer in some areas of Daxi contains a large number of fish bones and animal bones, including the remains of fish, turtles, turtles, clams, snails and other aquatic animals, as well as the remains of wild boars, deer, tigers, leopards, rhinoceros, elephants, etc. ”
"Of course, among these remains, the thickest ones are the accumulation of fish bones, which shows that fishing has become the main production activity in the Three Gorges area at that time."
"These characteristics, especially rice farming, can be completely combined with The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River "There are also buildings. The foundations of houses found in Honghuatao and Guanmiao Mountain have generally been barbecued to strengthen the foundation and have become red-burnt earth buildings."
“More building materials Bamboo materials are used. There are two types of buildings: semi-crypt and ground-level buildings. The former are often round, while the latter are mostly square or rectangular. Houses built on the ground often have wall foundations dug first, and then clay is mixed with burned earth fragments. Fill the wall tightly, and braid bamboo pieces or small tree trunks between the pillars in the wall. , plaster the inside and outside with mud. "
" Post holes are distributed indoors, and stove pits are dug or earth ridges are used to surround the square fire ponds. A large amount of braised earth blocks are often used to lay a thick cushion on the lower part of the hard surface. , both sturdy and moisture-proof.”
"The roof is laid with bamboo slices and plant stems, and then clay mixed with a small amount of rice husk and straw powder is applied. Some houses also have eaves pillar holes or special eaves corridors, or a section of braised earth slag floor is laid outside the wall. , forming primitive scattered water. "
"These characteristics are also very close to the characteristics of many cultural sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River."
(End of this chapter)