Chapter 1756 "The Legend of Women's Biography of Benevolence and Wisdom"
The volume "The Legend of Women's Biography of Benevolence and Wisdom" adopts the parallel composition layout method, that is, omitting the background and placing the characters in parallel. This painting method is the origin In the Han Dynasty, this painting method was often used for similar themes.
Although the characters in the scroll are floating flat, the painter's superb painting skills carefully designed the postures and expressions of the depicted characters, which created an inherent connection between the characters in the scroll.
Each character in the scroll forms an independent story. The name of the character, the inscription of the painting, and the outline of the story are written next to the character. This method is called "songjie". It is also a common format. It is common to see such words next to the worshipers in Dunhuang paintings and next to the pictures of heroes in past dynasties.
“It looks like silk from the Song Dynasty.” The fourth aunt handed the magnifying glass to the fourth cousin: “I am now an expert in the study of silk used in ancient calligraphy and painting. Can you tell me?”
"It is indeed Song Dynasty silk." Zhou Zhi had good eyesight and did not need a magnifying glass. He only took a closer look at the silk surface and came up with a clear answer: "Gu Wenbin of Wanqing believed that silk is easy to break, so most of the famous silk scrolls from the Tang and Song Dynasties are from later generations. It is a fake trust, and it is unique, so it has never been collected, and it has also influenced a considerable number of future generations."
"However, through modern scientific dating, Gu Wenbin's statement has long been eliminated. It has been overturned. It is at least a prejudice. " Zhou Zhi said: "According to the current research of the National Museum, many Song Dynasty calligraphy and painting works are in good condition. The silk is not crispy and can even be very clean. Examples. For example, Song Huizong Zhao Ji's "Listening to the Qin Picture", Ma Lin's "Layered Ice Silk Picture", and Jing Hao's "Shu Mountain Picture" in my collection are all very well preserved."
"On the contrary, they are better than those of the Tang, Five Dynasties and Five Dynasties. Late in the Song Dynasty Many paintings from the Ming Dynasty, such as those by Lan Ying and Chen Hongshou, are much darker in silk color." Zhou Zhi smiled and said, "The previous paintings of "Listening to the Qin" and "Layered Ice Silk" in the Forbidden City were too new. The reason was It was judged to be an artifact, but after scientific testing, it was found to be authentic. ”
“In fact, in my opinion, the silk fabric can be analyzed by analyzing the silk, weaving method, dyeing method and other details. The era it belongs to provides evidence for the authenticity of the scroll. "
" Most of the people who authenticated dry calligraphy and painting in ancient times were senior intellectuals. They may never study whether the silk they used for the scroll was made of mulberry silk or silk. For tussah silk, whether the silkworm is a three-dormant silkworm or a four-dormant silkworm is irrelevant to the weaving method and the initial bleaching and dyeing process. ”
"They pay more attention to the color, smudge and other characteristics of materials that are directly related to calligraphy and painting. At the same time, they also do their own deep processing, such as calendering and vitriol."
"Most of the researchers in later generations are From brushwork, calligraphy, and ink, The research on authenticity of seals and other aspects only goes into the painter's glue and dyeing methods, but the research on silk weaving is almost blank."
"Those who are covered with silk are not silkworms. Well." The fourth cousin nodded in understanding.
“In fact, paper was invented much later than silk. When paper is able to meet the needs of works of art and can be used in elegant halls, it naturally needs a matching mounting and hanging system. This This set of things did not become mature until the Jin Dynasty. "Before that, the use of silk was the norm in calligraphy and painting, and there were subtle differences in the use of silk in the past dynasties." >
"In the weaving method of Song Dynasty silk, the warp and weft are all single filaments. However, the weft density is slightly sparser than the warp thread, and the color is similar to the famous 'Tibetan Sutra Paper'."
"The Yuan Dynasty painted silk is similar to the Song Dynasty silk. , not enough warp and weft density are sparse, and the silk thread is also more dense than Song Dynasty silk Thinner. "
"Double-filament weaving method began to be used in the Ming Dynasty. Once the warp and weft are doubled, the thickness of the silk thread is uniform, and the gaps between the warp and weft are also uniform, which illustrates the great progress of the silk weaving industry."
" In the Qing Dynasty, double warp and double weft were adopted. In other weaving methods, the silk surface is stronger and more fine. However, a large number of counterfeitings occurred in the Ming and Qing dynasties, using dyeing and other techniques to forcibly "age" the silk, old works, and old paintings and calligraphy were also re-framed. Let the old silk be washed and the old be made new, It greatly increases the difficulty for future generations to identify it.”
The fourth aunt smiled and said: “You have taken a unique approach, Zhuoran got married, not bad, so judging from the silk, this painting is undoubtedly a Song Dynasty. ”
"It can only be said to be Song silk." Zhou Zhi said: "At least judging from the various characteristics of the silk, there is no doubt that it is Song silk. However, whether the paintings using Song silk are debatable is debatable." There is another < br>
“I think from the perspective of brushwork and ink painting, it is undoubtedly a Song Dynasty painting. The key is that the style is the same as the "The Legend of Women and Wisdom" in the Forbidden City, and the theme There are only supplements and no conflicts. Coupled with the inscriptions and imprints of famous people from previous dynasties, the difficulty of forgery is too small, and the possibility is too small. "Has the fourth cousin seen all the inscriptions and imprints?" Zhou Zhi was very surprised. This requires extensive knowledge and a certain degree of familiarity with the calligraphy, calligraphy, and seals used by collectors in the past dynasties in different periods.
He can actually do it now, but there is a prerequisite, that is, he cannot be empty-handed. He needs a thick stack of reference books around him as a supplement.
This is unacceptable.
"How many of them can you spot?" The fourth cousin's desire to compete began to rise again.
"Well, let me take a look..." Zhou Zhi's eyes wandered on the painting silk for a long time, and finally found two familiar seals: "Is this 'Fengzhou' Wang Shizhen? Hey, there is another one here." Linzhou's two The seal is a pair, is this also Wang Shizhen? "
" Half right." The fourth aunt smiled: "Fengzhou is right, but Linzhou is not right, although you said it is a pair of seals. Yes, but not the same person "
"Linzhou's name is Wang Shimao, and he is the younger brother of Wang Shizhen. Both of them are obsessed with calligraphy and painting, so they often write inscriptions for each other's collections. People at the time called them the "two beauties of the Wang family". Aunt said : "Although Wang Shimao is not well-known, he was known as his elder brother at that time, and can often be seen in calligraphy and painting. His elbow is not very careful in reading..."
Has shown his ugliness, now he can only recognize this. plant.
Recognizing Wang Shizhen is not a skill, because Wang Shizhen is so famous that everyone in the industry knows about him.
"If this is the case, then it is more likely that this painting is authentic." The fourth cousin said: "If I remember correctly, in addition to the hall number and the hall number, the scroll of the Forbidden City has several There are several postscripts left in the emperor's treasure. See if the postscript on that one may be helpful in identifying this one."
"Look, go get the book!" said the fourth aunt! .
This is an important clue. If these two seals are authentic, then the painting has been dated to the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. If it matches the collection of the Forbidden City, then there is a possibility that the scroll is authentic. It will undoubtedly increase significantly.
There are also the seals of several people whom Zhou Zhi does not know. His fourth cousin told him that one of them is Cao Changxian, who is Wang Shizhen’s nephew and close friend, and the other is Lu Bi, a nine-year-old capable man. Poetry, a great talent with wide acquaintances.
When Zhou Zhi was looking for a picture album, his fourth cousin also found one with a high-definition printed picture "Autumn Window Game" on it.
This picture was specially customized by Wang Shizhen for Li Fu, the national Go player in the Ming Dynasty at that time. The author is You Qiu.
Li Fu is an important disciple of Wang Shizhen, and You Qiu is the son-in-law of Qiu Ying, a famous painter of the Wu School.
After the painting was completed, Wang Shizhen invited his relatives and friends to support Li Fu, and wrote a lot of poems and postscripts at the back. The seals of the above-mentioned people all matched.
In other words, there is no possibility that this painting was forged in the Qing Dynasty at least, and judging from the collection sequence, it can be seen that the first volume has been properly collected in the mid-Ming Dynasty. Once such masterpieces are If it falls into the hands of someone who knows the goods, it will be rare for other collectors to see it.
To make a fake, you first have to know how to make it, and you have to see it.