Chapter 470 Shocking results! The third force of nature! First traces!
August 1921.
The impact of the Quantum Theory Symposium is finally fading.
Because a more exciting event is about to begin.
There are only more than two months until the start of the third Blues Conference!
The world of physics is in turmoil.
Everyone is eagerly looking forward to this meeting and making final efforts for this meeting.
The rise of the younger generation such as Wu Youxun, Pauli, and Uhlenbeck once again proved to the world:
The waves behind the Yangtze River push the waves ahead!
The world of physics is more dazzling than imagined.
The genius rises and stands at the forefront!
Due to the large time span between the third session and the second session.
There was a war that affected the world.
This meeting is destined to be of extraordinary significance.
Everyone is silently waiting for the shocking moment to arrive.
However, as the time approached, everyone suddenly discovered a problem.
“Why hasn’t the list of the third blues conference been announced yet?”
“The first two conferences came out before this one.”
“This one Will there be any changes? "
For a time, many people were talking.
Everyone gave various guesses.
But at the center of the storm, inside the Quantum Research Institute, everything was calm.
Researchers at the institute discovered that Professor Bruce has been spending more and more time at the institute recently.
I think the other party must be preparing for the third Blues Conference.
Everyone felt proud.
In the laboratory on the first floor, Irena is conducting the last batch of experiments.
Her face was full of excitement.
“The project assigned to me by Professor Bruce is finally completed.”
Previously, after Li Qiwei proposed the proton-neutron model of the atomic nucleus, he asked Irena a question .
“In the nucleus, protons are positively charged and neutrons are uncharged.”
"So how do protons bond together?"
"According to the principle of like-like repulsion, protons should repel each other due to the existence of Coulomb force."
" How can they be combined to form an atomic nucleus?"
At that time, Irena immediately thought of a possibility.
“There is universal gravitation between protons and between protons and neutrons.”
"If the universal gravitation is greater than the Coulomb force, then protons and neutrons can be combined together."
Li Qiwei smiled slightly and asked Irena to go back and calculate carefully and explain it through experiments.
Irena accepted the order happily, but she did not expect that this small problem would take her more than a year.
At this moment, in the director’s office.
Irena held a thick piece of research data in her hands and looked excited.
She could finally report her final results to Professor Bruce.
Beside her, Schrödinger sat.
Irena received a lot of help from Schrödinger during her calculations and experiments.
In her opinion, this Austrian big brother is too kind.
Emotionally stable, handsome, smart, gentle and considerate.
Most importantly, a very gentleman.
Compared to that bastard Pauli, it’s like nothing.
Just when Irena was thinking wildly, a voice interrupted her.
"Irena, tell me about your research results."
Irena said "Oh" and quickly came back to her senses.
There was uncontrollable joy on her face.
Because what she is going to share next will shock the entire physics community.
She took a deep breath, calmed herself down, and said calmly:
"Professor, my research is divided into two parts."
"The first part is Theoretical models and calculations, the second part is experiments”
"I first constructed a hypothetical standard atomic nucleus model."
"The arrangement positions of protons and neutrons can be calculated through the coordinate system."
"Based on this model, according to The law of universal gravitation can be calculated The magnitude of the gravitational force between particles. ”
“Protons and protons, protons and neutrons, neutrons and neutrons”
“At the same time, it can also be calculated according to Coulomb’s law. The magnitude of the Coulomb force between protons. ”
"After comparison, it was found that the Coulomb force is much greater than the universal gravitation."
"This shows that it should be impossible for protons to gather together, which is completely contrary to reality."
"In addition, , and I built a dozen more "No matter how the protons and neutrons are arranged in the nucleus, the Coulomb force between them is far greater than the gravitational force." .”
"This is indeed an incredible thing."
Schrödinger was shocked after hearing Irena's results.
This kind of research involving the secrets of atomic nuclei will almost certainly shock the physics community.
Li Qiwei looked calm and listened quietly to Irena's report.
“In addition to theoretical calculations, I also used experiments for verification.”
"My idea is this:"
"First assume that the protons and neutrons in the nucleus are condensed together by gravity."
"Then if I bombard the nucleus with alpha rays .”
"According to the law of conservation of energy and the law of momentum conservation, as long as the kinetic energy of alpha rays is enough, it can blast away atomic nuclei."
"It's like a building made of sand, which can be smashed by throwing stones at it. Same.”
"I used various metallic elements as target materials."
"Their nuclei have a large number of protons and neutrons, which are suitable as research models."
"I first calculated each Under ideal circumstances, the metal atomic nucleus has The size of the gravitational force. "
"Then use the formula to calculate the kinetic energy required by the alpha ray."
"Then, I use a linear accelerator to accelerate the alpha particles to the specified speed. .”
"Finally, by observing whether alpha particles can break up atomic nuclei, we can verify the hypothesis that gravitation binds atomic nuclei."
"The result is: alpha particles that meet the kinetic energy requirements cannot break up atomic nuclei."
< br>"Even if I use its speed Increased by 10 times, the result remains unchanged."
"The experimental results are completely consistent with the theoretical calculations."
"This proves that it is impossible for the atomic nucleus to maintain its structural integrity by relying solely on gravity. ”
"It will inevitably fall apart because the Coulomb force is too strong."
Wow!
As soon as Irena finished speaking, Schrödinger felt a storm in his heart.
Although he helped Irena a lot, he did not know the full extent of the experiment.
After listening to the other party’s report today, he realized what a heaven-defying research he had participated in.
If Irena's data is all correct.
Can’t that be deduced?
Schrödinger's mouth suddenly felt dry.
This is too exaggerated!
It is even countless times more exaggerated than the previous electron spin.
He was waiting for Professor Bruce's response.
Is it really what he thought?
Li Qiwei took Irena's research data and looked at it carefully again.
A relieved smile appeared on his face.
"Irena, it seems that my prediction is correct."
"There should be a special force between protons and neutrons."
"It is neither universal gravity nor electromagnetic force such as Coulomb force, but a brand new force."
“This shows that there is a third basic force in nature!”
Boom!
Schrödinger was shocked!
It was exactly what he thought.
Professor Bruce actually discovered traces of the third force!
"Oh God! What level of achievement is this?" "This will completely rewrite the foundation of physics!"
At this moment, it is Schrödinger He couldn't remain calm anymore.
This news is really a bit too exciting.
Irena looked at her dear Uncle Bruce like a pilgrim.
She is not a physics novice, and of course she understands what this result means.
Irena said excitedly:
"Yes, Professor Bruce."
"Your intuition has never failed."
"We have really discovered the third basic force."
At this time, Li Qiwei was still very calm.
6◇9◇书◇Bar
“Haha, low-key and low-key.”
"It can only be said that we have discovered the possibility of its existence."
"Concrete verification requires more theories and experiments to prove."
Li Qiwei knows very well that Irena alone The experimental data are far from being able to perfectly prove the existence of the third force.
And it is the famous [strong interaction].
In real history, the Hungarian-American physicist Wigner first proposed the principle of interaction between protons and neutrons.
And won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics.
And his identity is also very interesting.
He once worked as Born's assistant.
In addition, his sister was Dirac's wife.
In addition to this achievement, Wigner also proposed a special crystal concept, the Wigner crystal.
This kind of crystal is a strange crystal composed entirely of electrons and can only exist at extremely low temperatures and densities.
It was not until April 2024 that physicists finally discovered the existence of this crystal for the first time.
Thus proved Wigner's conjecture.
So, this is an out-and-out great god.
Later, on the basis of Wigner, Hideki Yukawa, a physicist from Sakura Country, formally introduced the concept of [strong interaction].
He proposed the famous [Meson Theory], explained the nature of strong interaction, and predicted the existence of mesons. (The plot will be introduced in detail later)
With this achievement, he won the 1949 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Since then, the strong interaction has become a hot topic in physics research.
While looking at Irena's data, Li Qiwei thought about the development history of strong interaction.
The reason why strong interaction has the word "strong" is because it is very strong.
How strong is it?
The strong interaction is billions of billions of times stronger than gravity.
So, it can overcome the Coulomb force between protons and protons, tightly bind protons and neutrons together to form an atomic nucleus.
Of course, just because it is so strong, it is very short.
The scope of the strong interaction is only as large as the nucleus of an atom.
So once the distance between particles exceeds this distance, the strong interaction between them can be ignored.
This is also the basis for nuclear fission to occur.
Otherwise, in the presence of such a strong binding force, it would be impossible for the nucleus to fission.
The data calculated by Irena had a very large error.
However, these are not important.
Ridgway did not need to publish all of the strong interaction immediately.
He just needs to throw out an introduction.
With the strong interaction, Einstein's unified field theory can come to an end.
Proposing this concept more than ten years in advance will definitely cause a chain reaction.
Even Li Qiwei can hardly see the future clearly.
However, this was exactly what he wanted.
Otherwise, it would be too boring.
He wants the theory of elementary particles and the grand unified theory to be born ahead of schedule.
Then compete with his own theory!
An endless reverberation!
At this time, Irena found Professor Bruce deep in thought.
She didn’t dare to disturb him.
After a while, Li Qiwei finally came to his senses.
He smiled and said:
"Irena, this time I want to thank you."
"I am going to propose this concept at the third Bruce Conference."
"And I will tell everyone that you made the data."
Irena's face changed when she heard this. Flushed with excitement.
She quickly said:
"Professor Bruce, I just did what I should do."
"Without your guidance and advice, I would not have had the opportunity to do research like this."
"And Brother Schrödinger also helped me a lot."
Although Irena She was very excited inside, but she knew very well that all this was given by Professor Bruce.
The other party predicted the existence of the third force many years ago.
But today, I finally found a trace.
If the other party hadn't been too lazy to do the experiment, I'm afraid it wouldn't have been her turn.
And she also understood that her mother probably also played a big factor.
However, she did not feel guilty.
“Because I was originally Uncle Bruce’s doctoral student.”
Schrödinger looked at Irena enviously.
The other party perfectly inherited the appearance and wisdom of her mother, Marie Curie.
At such a young age, he has made such important achievements.
Future achievements are simply unimaginable.
At this time, the two looked at each other and saw the flames in each other's eyes.
The news of the third force will be announced at the third Bruce Conference. What kind of sensation will it cause?
They are already looking forward to it.
After Irena and Schrödinger left, Li Qiwei was alone and began to think about the next arrangements.
At the third blues conference, he was ready to make a change.
After all, we have experienced such a major event as the World War.
All physicists are probably holding their breath in their hearts.
And the Blues Conference is where their hearts rest.
Countless people are looking forward to this meeting.
Li Qiwei will not let anyone down.
Moreover, this meeting also serves as a link between the past and the next.
Before it is general relativity, and after it is quantum mechanics.
Therefore, its significance is very important.
In addition, Li Qiwei has already thought about the theme of the meeting.
That is "Atoms and Quantum".
The two pillars of modern physics, the theory of relativity, have been completed.
Its basis is astronomy.
The rest is quantum mechanics.
And its basis is atomic science.
In both fields, many significant results have been produced since the Second Blues Conference.
A focused discussion and summary is needed.
Of course, the most important thing is to guide the way forward.
Everyone already has experience.
All the predictions at the Bruce Conference will profoundly change physics.
While writing the plan, Li Qiwei suddenly thought:
"By then, the fourth power will not be forced out."
"That would be too much. Interesting.”
"Even I am starting to look forward to it."
(End of this chapter)