Chapter 177 Gradient (Medium Cup)
August 6th.
The soybean harvesting team of Hailufeng Company began harvesting work in Meidu Town, west of Magong Town.
But this time, Hailufeng Company did not subsidize soybean planting in the town, because this was originally a temporary replanting strategy to deal with the drought.
Although there was a drought in the early stages of planting, fortunately, eastern Guangdong received relatively sufficient rainfall in June and July, so the yield per mu of the more than 10,000 acres of soybean fields was very good.
The small soybean harvester quickly eats the soybean vines on the soybean field, knocks the pods from the bean vines, and then separates the beans from the pods through the thresher built into the harvester.
The pods and vines are crushed into a fine powder that is sprayed on harvested soybean fields.
Several farmers from the Shizhou Village Agricultural Cooperative were standing on the roadside not far away, talking and laughing.
"Old Huang, how many kilograms of soybeans can you harvest from this field?" A middle-aged man wearing a straw hat asked sitting on a motorcycle.
"There should be five or six hundred." Old Huang was puffing away with a smile on his face.
Another middle-aged man wearing slippers said while lighting a cigarette: "But the purchase price is much lower."
"Haha, just be content!"
"Even though Boss Jiang can't harvest beans for you at a loss, the bean fields in other places now cost just over two yuan." Another well-informed young man explained.
"A few more cents would be nice!"
The young man pretended to be profound and said: "Don't complain about the two dollars now. Whether you will have two dollars in the future is still unknown."
"Xiaofan, what news do you have?" Lao Huang handed over a cigarette.
Zhang Fan took the cigarette, put it on his ear, and pointed to the north: "Boss Jiang has contracted hundreds of thousands of acres of desert soybeans in Monan. You said that if this thing is completed, soybeans will still be worth two pieces per pound in the future. Money? I think a pound is about the same.”
"Damn it! Is it real or fake?"
"Then are these soybeans still going to be planted?" Old Huang Nao Guazi was a little confused.
"Plant!" Zhang Fan gave an unexpected answer.
The middle-aged farmer who had just complained about the low purchase price looked at Zhang Fan with a puzzled look on his face: "Xiaofan, you don't have a fever?"
"Burn you big-headed devil, I'm very normal." Zhang Fan continued: "Brothers, haven't you read the cooperative's planting cost announcement?"
Lao Huang explained the current situation: "Huh? I recently went to the fish pond in the next village to help collect Egyptian fish, and I didn't pay attention to this matter. Is there anything going on?"
Zhang Fan then explained the details of the cooperative: "The cost of the soybean field in our cooperative is just over 69,000 yuan for 300 acres, or about 230 yuan per acre. The purchase price offered by Hailufeng Company is 2.1 per catty, and the profit per acre is 1,000 yuan. It’s about money. And haven’t you guys noticed that you don’t need to worry too much about soybeans?”
Hearing this, others also reacted.
"Indeed."
"In order to ensure the rice fields, the cooperative pumps water and sprays pesticides. This year, the production has been reduced a lot."
Zhang Fan continued to talk about his judgment: "Even if the purchase price is only one yuan in the future, there will still be a gross profit of four to five hundred yuan per acre, and the soybeans only need to be harvested once in three months. I will go to Hongcao Town to see After passing through a part of the experimental field that was not plowed, the soybeans sprouted again and now have pods.”
"Really?"
"Of course it's true."
"How many years can we manage this time?"
"I heard from the agricultural technicians of Hailufeng Company that it seems that one planting can last five or six years."
"Wouldn't it be possible to collect three times a year?"
Everyone was talking about it.
At this time, the harvesting team had completed harvesting the first soybean field. The transport tractor shook the truck body back and forth, calculated the volume through the volume scale of the truck body, and then estimated an approximate weight.
Two farmers from the cooperative and two employees from the harvesting team checked the capacity scale of the truck bucket and took another liter of soybeans for weighing.
After a while.
Two farmers from the cooperative came back with notebooks and business tickets.
"Lao Zhang, Huozhao, how is the situation?"
Lao Zhang, who was holding the notebook, smiled and replied: "We have collected 30,900 kilograms from 100 acres, and we have already obtained the commercial invoice."
"How much is it?"
"Don't you know how to calculate? 129,780 yuan." A middle-aged farmer joked while calculating with the calculator on his mobile phone.
"This harvest is not bad!"
"300 acres can bring in almost 390,000 yuan. After deducting the capital and adding part of the cooperative's funds, it's almost 300,000 yuan."
"Xiaofan didn't just forget it and earn 1,000 yuan per acre."
"It's a pity that we don't have much arable land in the south. Counting each household, it only amounts to about one to three acres per household."
At this moment, Zhang Dashan, the president of the cooperative, also drove over on his motorcycle. When he saw a group of people gathering at the edge of the field, he thought something had happened and hurried over.
After understanding the situation, I realized that these guys were giving advice again.
He quickly asked everyone's opinion: "Should the soybeans be plowed and planted with other crops, or should the roots be left and continued to be planted?"
Zhang Fan suggested: "Uncle Dashan, I think it is better to leave the roots."
"Xiaofan, please tell me your reason."
Zhang Fan explained: "I went to see the soybean fields in Hongcao Town. Hailufeng Company has tried hybrid planting there."
"Oh? Tell me." Zhang Dashan suddenly became interested.
"After cutting a crop of soybeans, the surface of the land is plowed for more than ten centimeters, and then corn and sorghum are planted. When I went to visit relatives there, I listened carefully to the farmers and agricultural technicians there."
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Zhang Dashan pondered for a moment, then patted the back seat of the motorcycle: "Xiaofan, let's go to the red grass to have a look. I'm still worried about what you said. Does anyone else want to go there with us? ?”
"I'll go too." Lao Huang threw down his cigarette butt and stepped on it.
"Old Huang, I'll take your car and let's go see something together." Another farmer quickly climbed onto the back seat of Old Huang's motorcycle and patted Old Huang on the shoulder with a smile: "Don't wait too long, go early. Come back early.”
"Let's go!"
The two motorcycles followed the twists and turns of the rural road for more than half an hour before arriving at the roadside of a large soybean field in the north of Hongcao Town.
Zhang Fan led the way to his old uncle.
Then, led by Uncle Zhang Fan, they came to a large experimental field.
This is a mixed soybean and corn field.
The corn is growing very well, with a height of almost two meters, while the soybean vines entangled at the roots of the corn are relatively short, only about 80 centimeters, and have not yet bloomed.
"This corn has been planted for two months?"
"Yes, what was planted in early June is now almost two months old, and it will be harvested in another month." Uncle Zhang Fan said while handing out cigarettes to several people.
Lao Huang took the cigarette and said, "You'll be done with it in three months?"
"This is corn for feed."
"Is it Hailufeng Company that is here to acquire it?" Zhang Dashan was very concerned about how to sell it.
"Well, Hailufeng Company came to collect it."
Lao Huang, who had never grown feed corn before, lit up his cigarette and took a puff: "Huh...how do you calculate the price?"
“Counting the poles together, it’s 240 yuan per ton.”
"So cheap?"
"That's the price, and don't just plant it yourself. Someone has to harvest the corn for feed. If you want to plant it, it's best to go to the Hailufeng Company's dairy farm in Ginghe Town. They buy corn in large quantities." Dashan is more concerned about costs and benefits: "Brother, how much does it cost to plant this acre? How much can you probably harvest?"
"One acre of land costs about 80 yuan for seeds and 150 yuan for plowing. I do the sowing myself. I spent 210 yuan on fertilizer for two months. I estimate that I will need another 50 yuan for fertilizer and 40 yuan for pesticides. , purchased by Hailufeng Company without any harvesting fee.”
"If you calculate it this way, it's almost 530 yuan per acre?" Zhang Dashan murmured to himself.
"In terms of income, I heard from the agricultural technicians of Hailufeng Company that the amount of silage produced from this variety of corn is about four to five tons per acre."
Zhang Dashan made a rough calculation at once: "960 to 1,200 yuan? About half of the gross profit?"
"By the way, uncle, after the corn is harvested, what should we do with the soybeans below? Do we have to wait for the soybeans to mature?" Zhang Fan asked curiously.
"There are two options. One is to wait a month longer to harvest the beans; the other is to sell them together to Hailufeng Company for feed."
"What about the price?"
"The field price is 600 per ton, which can roughly cut about 3 tons."
Zhang Dashan was very surprised: "This? Why is it so much higher than corn?"
"Because soybeans and bean vines are relatively valuable. If it weren't for the fact that about one-third of the corn stalks are mixed in, the pure soybean vines and beans would cost about 800 per ton." Uncle Zhang Fan flicked the cigarette ashes and then added Road:
"When soybeans and corn are harvested together, 3 tons of pure corn green material can be harvested. The soybean green material mixed with corn stalks is also about 3 tons. One acre can be sold for about 2,520 yuan, making a profit of 1,800 yuan."
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Zhang Dashan calculated: "This is already very good. If we harvest every three months, we can harvest four times a year."
Uncle Zhang Fan shook his head: "The agricultural technician said you can't plant like this, the ground will not be able to bear it."
"Uncle, what do the agricultural technicians from Hailufeng Company suggest? How should a piece of land be planted in a year?"
Uncle Zhang Fan took out a crumpled technical instruction manual from the plastic bag in his pocket: "They said that we can grow all year round in the Lingnan area, but we must arrange it reasonably. For example, pure soybeans can be grown from March to June. Harvest soybeans in mid-June; mix at the end of June Plant corn, and harvest corn and soybeans for feed by the end of September; mix with Huanuo No. 1 wheat in early October. The temperature is low in winter, and the wheat blocks part of the light. The wheat and soybeans will mature by mid-February of the next year. Harvest together.”
Lao Huang scratched his head: "Growing wheat? Our village has indeed promoted planting wheat in winter in recent years, but the yield per mu is only more than 300 kilograms, and the income is too low."
“That’s why we have to mix broadcast!”
Zhang Dashan took the agricultural technical instruction manual and looked through it carefully. Then he saw the page about harvesting wheat together and frowned: "Old Lin, wheat and soybeans are harvested together, won't they be mixed together?"
"No, the agricultural technician said that Hailufeng Company has several harvesters that can separate soybeans and wheat. Even if they are mixed together, they can be screened."
Lao Huang was surprised when he heard this: "With such intensive planting, is there really no problem with the land?"
"It doesn't seem possible. I heard that it is the soybeans that are responsible. As long as the soybeans are allowed to rot in the ground after three years, and some fermented organic fertilizer is added every year, the nutrients of the farmland can be guaranteed."
In fact, their worries are unfounded.
Unlike other crops, soybeans not only increase the nitrogen content of the soil through root nodules, but also absorb phosphorus, potassium and other elements from chemical fertilizers.
In the current domestic grain crop planting process, the effective utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is only about 30 to 40%. The remaining 60 to 70% of chemical fertilizers will be partially deposited in the soil, and some will flow away with rainfall and irrigation.
During flood irrigation, Sendou soybeans are like a water pump, but they not only absorb water, but also absorb elements such as phosphorus and potassium from the water and soil, thereby enriching these elements into the roots as needed for growth. nutrient reserves.
Taking the Lingnan area as an example, during the planting process, if a three-season plan is adopted, chemical fertilizers are basically required three times, and pure soybeans do not need chemical fertilizers; the amount of chemical fertilizer used for corn-soybean mixed planting is about the same as that for corn alone; while wheat When soybeans are mixed, the amount of chemical fertilizer used will increase by 10 to 20%.
Why it's so different.
That is to avoid wasting fertilizer. During the winter wheat period, the climate in Lingnan becomes relatively dry. After fertilization and watering, phosphorus and potassium basically remain in the fields. The remaining chemical fertilizers consumed by the wheat are all eaten by soybeans.
The phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients stored in the roots of soybeans in winter are equivalent to about twice the needs of soybeans in one season.
Therefore, next year’s pure soybean crop will not require chemical fertilizers.
During the corn-soybean mixing period, the reason why fertilization is needed is not for the soybeans, but to supplement the corn, because a large part of the easily absorbed phosphorus and potassium in the soil is enriched by the soybeans into their own roots. Among them, the corn root system cannot penetrate the soybean root mass, so an additional amount of chemical fertilizer is needed.
However, during the corn-soybean mixed planting season, 50% of the chemical fertilizers are absorbed by the soybeans, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium stored in the soybean roots are not consumed.
According to this situation, the roots of soybeans grown in Lingnan will have a surplus of about 1.5 seasons of phosphorus and potassium and about 1 season of nitrogen every year.
After accumulation in the third winter, specific root rot fungi are used to infect the soybeans. After the soybean roots are completely rotted, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter nutrients that they have stored for about three years can be released into the soil. This is also the reason for the soybeans. The root cause of creating nutrient soil.
The land where soybeans are grown will become more fertile.
After all, domestic farmers use a relatively large amount of chemical fertilizers, which provides additional nutrient accumulation for Sendou soybeans.
Therefore, similar to the three-season planting plan in the Lingnan region, the amount of chemical fertilizer used per unit of output is declining, not increasing.
This is the benefit of improved fertilizer efficiency.
Mixing soybeans with soybeans can increase the fertilizer utilization rate to about 80%, which is the highest in the world.
It's equivalent to using one part of fertilizer to get two parts of the effect.
Zhang Dashan and others did not know the inside story, so they worried that such high-intensity planting would cause the soil to become infertile.
In fact, the organic matter content of the soil will indeed decrease before the soybeans rot.
This is why the technical manual recommends supplementing organic fertilizer every year.
As for the source of organic fertilizer.
Hailufeng Company's Pinghe Town dairy breeding base, as well as the microbial fuel cell technology to be developed next year, will provide a steady stream of organic fertilizer to surrounding farmland.
Cow dung, straw and waste materials from the production of agricultural products used in microbial fuel cells will contain 20 to 30% of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as a large amount of glucose, simple sugars, vitamins, aromatic compounds, and minerals. wait.
Battery waste liquid can be used as raw material for biogas fermentation for secondary use.
After Jiang Miao came back, he restarted relevant experiments.
He found that using microbial fuel cells to ferment battery waste liquid to produce biogas can increase biogas production capacity.
The main reason is that there are a large amount of glucose, simple sugars, amino acids, aromatic compounds and minerals in the waste liquid, plus residual cellulose and hemicellulose, which allows biogas fermentation bacteria to save the time of decomposing cellulose and Hemicellulose time.
If it is a normal cubic meter of wet cow dung, it can produce about 50 cubic meters of methane.
One cubic meter of microbial fuel cell battery waste liquid can produce 120 cubic meters of methane, with an efficiency increase of 240%.
In addition, microbial fuel cells generate a large amount of heat during the metabolic power generation process. If not processed in time, this waste heat will cause the temperature in the battery room to soar.
Therefore, this waste heat can be introduced into the biogas fermentation system through the hot water circulation system, thereby maintaining the high temperature during the biogas fermentation process.
However, Jiang Miao has calculated the calorific value of the microbial fuel cell. If it is winter south of the Yangtze River, this heat can basically be surplus to supply the biogas fermentation system.
If you are in the area north of the Yangtze River and south of the Yellow River, in winter, the waste heat from microbial fuel cells can basically meet your own breeding needs and achieve self-sufficiency.
To the north above the Yellow River, especially in the Northeast and Monan regions, the heat generated by the microbial fuel cell system is not enough in winter, especially when the outside temperature is below minus 10 degrees Celsius.
In this case, engineering means can be used to solve the problem, such as using an underground power generation room and covering the ground with soil to achieve thermal insulation.
As long as the soil thickness reaches 1 meter and the plastic film is added, the internal temperature can basically reach 0 to 5 degrees Celsius. With the waste heat generated by the microbial fuel cell itself, the internal temperature can reach over 20 degrees Celsius.
As long as the designed biogas fermentation system is placed above the head of the microbial fuel cell power generation room, it can not only maintain heat, but also reduce the heating energy consumption of the biogas fermentation system. In fact, the biogas fermentation bacteria themselves can also produce heat.
As for the Huaihai Plain, semi-basements can be set up, while the microbial fuel cells and biogas fermentation systems in the Yangtze River Basin and Pearl River Basin can be completely set up on the ground.
Especially in the summer in the Yangtze River Basin and Pearl River Basin, the high temperature environment will leave the waste heat of microbial fuel cells nowhere to vent.
This requires utilizing the waste heat by reasonably increasing the scale of the biogas fermentation system.
All in all, in the future, the biogas slurry produced in microbial fuel cells and biogas fermentation systems can be used as efficient organic fertilizer, and the production volume will be very large.
After all, Hero Dairy breeds so many cows, and with a large amount of crop waste to use, there are too many raw materials for organic fertilizer.
As long as the whole system circulates.
In the future, it may even be possible to consider gradually reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, thus reducing production costs.
As an enterprise, production costs and production efficiency determine the foundation of the enterprise.
Hailufeng Company is essentially a high-tech enterprise, not a traditional agricultural company.
(End of chapter)