Chapter 620 The possibility of iteration of explosives (Part 1)
"CL20?"
Hearing this word coming out of Xu Yun's mouth.
After Lao Guo was initially surprised, an idea quickly came to his mind:
This medium-rare thing is going to cause trouble again.
However, Lao Guo was able to have this idea mainly because he had dealt with Xu Yun many times and had often seen Xu Yun's unconstrained thinking.
As for Wang Yuan and Gao Yuanming beside him at this time, they obviously lacked experience in this area.
Among them, Gao Yuanming looked at Xu Yun in surprise, thinking that he had heard some syllables wrongly, and confirmed again:
"CL20? Consultant Han Li, what is this? - You are not talking about the incendiary agent CLR21, are you?"
Seeing this, Xu Yun smiled at him, shook his head, and explained:
"Senior Engineer, I'm right, it's CL20 - it's the code name for a new type of explosive."
"This is also a kind of material I heard when I was at Cambridge University. At that time, there was a senior named Seamus Finnegan who was an explosives enthusiast and especially liked to engage in explosions throughout his life."
"However, he has never been satisfied with the power of the two explosives, TNT and RDX, and has always wanted to develop a high-energy explosive that will explode at a glance."
"Later, after detailed research and analysis, he finally came up with a more powerful explosive formula and gave it the name CL20."
"It is a pity that Senior Seamus later died in an explosives experiment. The research and development of this CL20 explosive was interrupted, and only a few manuscripts remained on the shelves of the Cambridge University Library."
"A more powerful explosive formula? How is this possible?"
Hearing this, Wang Yuan, who is quite proficient in the research and development of explosives, couldn't help but frowned and didn't seem to buy it:
"Consultant Han, you may not know very well."
"According to current research results, known explosives all have cyclic molecular structures, and their performance has almost reached a bottleneck and it is difficult to improve."
"So theoretically, there should be no more powerful explosives - even the new explosives we are preparing now only optimize the reaction time."
Wait until Wang Yuan finishes speaking.
Gao Yuanming on the side also nodded.
Mentioned earlier.
There are currently three main generations of recognized explosives, namely nitroglycerin, TNT and RDX.
Among them, nitroglycerin was invented by Nobel. Its chemical formula is C3H5N3O9. Its explosion speed can reach 7700 meters per second, and its explosion power is 30 times that of traditional gunpowder.
The chemical formula of TNT is CHNO, and its scientific name is trinitrotoluene. Its detonation speed is slightly slower than that of nitroglycerin, but it is more powerful and more stable in nature.
After long-term use and winning unanimous praise, TNT has long become a unit of measurement for measuring released energy, just like a certain 1.2-meter novel character.
RDX was created by the German chemist Henning and is called cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine. Its chemical formula is C3H6N6O6. It is also called cyclone explosive, RDX, etc.
The power of RDX is 1.5 times that of TNT, and its detonation speed can reach 8,750 meters per second. It is a well-deserved explosive in this period.
But on the other hand, that's about it.
Due to the structural limitations of explosive molecules, even RDX cannot further improve its chemical properties today.
Therefore, in the eyes of Wang Yuan and Gao Yuanming, what Xu Yun said seemed not very reasonable.
However, Xu Yun waved his hand indifferently, pointed to the explosive powder beside everyone, and explained:
"Wang Gong, you are right. The current three generations of explosives may be different in power and stability, but they are all cyclic molecular structures in structure."
"Within the range of this structure, the power of explosives has indeed reached its upper limit, and there is no chance to improve it."
"But what if we broaden our thinking a little further, that is, we are no longer limited to flat structures?"
Wang Yuan was startled for a moment, looking a little surprised.
After a while.
His pupils suddenly shrank heavily, and he looked at Xu Yun suddenly, not even noticing that the cigarette in his ear fell to the ground:
"Consultant Han, are you not limited to flat structures? You mean expanding from flat to"
Xu Yun nodded heavily, spread his left hand flat on his chest, and drew a circle with his right hand, confirming his guess:
"Yes, if the structure is expanded to three dimensions, is it possible that the bond energy levels between molecules will be improved?"
"After all, once the structure changes, the energy and tension will also change."
chemical bond.
This concept was first proposed in 1916. Then in 1927, Heitler used quantum mechanics to solve the problem of covalent bonds and clarified the nature of chemical bonds.
Although molecular orbital theory has not yet been formally proposed, some structural research has already achieved certain results.
Therefore, at this moment, Xu Yun put forward the related concepts of molecular structure with great confidence.
Anyone who has taken high school chemistry should know this.
From a macro perspective, explosive explosions are basically processes of emitting light, generating heat, and releasing a large amount of gas.
But from a micro perspective, it’s another story:
The true appearance of an explosive explosion is the process of breaking the chemical bonds in the original substance and forming new stable chemical bonds.
For example, TNT.
As mentioned above, the chemical formula of TNT is CHNO.
From a structural point of view.
If you remove all the nitro groups (NO) from TNT, what you see is a toluene molecule, that is, a methyl group (CH) attached to a benzene ring.
A TNT molecule has three divalent nitrogen-oxygen bonds and three monovalent nitrogen-oxygen bonds.
However, the monovalent nitrogen-oxygen bond in this structure is not neutral, but carries excess negative and positive charges respectively.
Therefore, a single TNT molecule cannot exist.
They must rely on other TNT molecules to "neutralize" the extra unstable charge.
When external energy stimulates the separation of TNT molecules, the negatively charged oxygen atoms on the branches may not "punch" to the positively charged nitrogen atoms, because the carbon-oxygen bond can store more bond energy. .
So during the explosion.
The carbon atoms and oxygen atoms in the benzene ring combine to form carbon monoxide.
This is like an unexpected product after a man and a woman have sex, so this move directly caused the benzene ring to collapse like Kunkun, and it collapsed into a complete mess.
Immediately afterwards, the carbon atoms cleaved from the benzene ring ruthlessly took away the oxygen in the nitrogen-oxygen double bond.
At this time, the nitrogen is like a small amount of rational powder. It is freed and quickly forms a nitrogen triple bond, which is often referred to as nitrogen N.
A large amount of heat is released in this process, and the direct separation of the methyl group CH allows the two methyl groups to form two parts of pure carbon and three parts of hydrogen H,
The benzene ring originally occupied four positions by methyl and nitro groups, and there were two hydrogen atoms on each benzene ring.
When the benzene ring "collapses", these two hydrogen atoms are equivalent to brain powder. Not only do they not fall off, they also combine with each other to form a hydrogen-hydrogen bond, which means that the hydrogen gases encourage each other.
So——2CHNO→12CO+5H+3N+2C
In this reaction, the reaction products are gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. The gases rapidly expand and explode with great energy. This is the origin of the power of explosives.
Very simple and easy to understand.
But on the other hand.
Just like those artists whose houses collapsed.
Regardless of whether you are Kunkun (TNT), Fanfan (RDX) or Nitroglycerine (Fengfeng), the news of house collapse is indeed very popular, but it has basically reached its peak in the entertainment industry.
Even if the Thai pants are hot or the house is destroyed in a battle, the popularity will not be much higher than them. These top players have already "tested" their power to the maximum.
But
This is just the upper limit of the entertainment industry (flat structure).
Give an example.
If one day the national football team wins the World Cup, it is estimated that all social media in China will be paralyzed, and the popularity will not be comparable to that of a hundred people combined.
This kind of social news is what Xu Yun is talking about.
That is.
Orientation of CL20.
The so-called CL20, whose full name is hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, is also known as the fourth-generation explosive. It has an explosion speed of up to 9,500 meters per second and is three times more powerful than TNT.
With the same explosive charge, bombs using CL-20 will be more powerful than ordinary bombs.
It can even replace tactical nuclear weapons to a large extent, and can be said to be the best choice for conventional strikes, which is why it is of sub-nuclear magnitude.
In addition, it can also be used as propellant for missiles. Without changing the size and charge of the missile, its high capacity density can greatly increase the range of the missile.
This kind of explosive was first synthesized by Nelson across the sea, but the method proposed by this person had a serious problem:
It costs US$1,000 to produce one kilogram of CL-20, which is ridiculously expensive.
Therefore, after three years of research and being unable to leave the laboratory, Haidian gradually put its research sequence on the back burner.
The rabbits' theoretical research was a little earlier than across the sea. In 1979, Academician Yu Yongzhong proposed the feasibility of high-density material theory.
But in the subsequent research and development process, the Rabbits also encountered the problem of high costs.
This situation has continued into the 21st century. China's Beijing Institute of Technology has made a breakthrough in this regard, reducing its cost to one thousand per kilogram. That is, only 1 yuan per gram.
It is precisely because of such a big breakthrough that in 2016, the "New Generation Energetic Materials Research and Engineering" project led by BIT won the National Defense Science and Technology Progress Special Award.
As of 2023, when Xu Yun traveled through.
Rabbits’ Dongfeng-31A intercontinental missile, Dongfeng-41 intercontinental missile, Changjian-10 cruise missile, etc. all use CL-20 explosives as warhead or propulsion materials.
The core reason why CL20 can achieve such excellent performance is that its structure has expanded from a plane to a three-dimensional cage structure.
True.
For ordinary people, let alone memorizing the structural formula of CL20, I am afraid they have never even seen it.
But don’t forget
Xu Yun’s workplace in his previous life was Cheng Fei in Rongcheng.
Therefore, to him, the production process of CL20 is not a big secret - in fact, this thing will be semi-public in later generations, because there are some ingredients that only rabbits can produce, and they are not afraid of it being spread.
Then Xu Yun glanced at Wang Yuan, who was deep in thought, and continued:
"Gong Wang, according to the manuscript left by senior Simo, there are two main difficulties in the production process of CL20."
"The first is the chromatographic separation of nitrite solution during the production process. This part may require the use of some relatively advanced instruments in the capital."
"The second is the synthesis of cage precursors, which needs to be achieved through the aldehyde-amine condensation reaction." (I will not go into too much detail on this aspect, refer to the paper 10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.1998.09.004)
The so-called vertical cage structure refers to an elemental explosive with a CH1, 2NO2 structure.
The synthesis method of caged amines is like the aldehyde-amine condensation reaction mentioned by Xu Yun. The reaction is carried out at 25°C, using acetonitrile and water as solvents, formic acid as catalyst, and then adding benzylamine, glyoxal and other substances.
After the aldehyde amine is condensed into an imine, the imine is further polymerized to form hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane, the precursor of caged HNIW, and some subsequent synthesis can be carried out.
"So so. So so"
Xu Yun spent about ten minutes repeating the general details of the entire process to Wang Yuan and others.
The more Wang Yuan and Gao Yuanming listened, their eyes became brighter and their breathing became faster.
A few minutes later.
Wang Yuan suddenly waved behind him and said:
"Da Liu, Yu Yu, come here."
Wang Yuan just finished speaking.
Two men walked up from behind.
The one on the left is taller, thinner, and has dark skin. He looks like a thin bamboo pole.
The person on the right is shorter, has a round face, and his eyebrows are very curved. If he were longer, he could play the role of Patriarch Bodhi in Journey to the West.
Wait until the two of them come up.
Wang Yuan patted their shoulders and introduced Xu Yun:
"Consultant Han Li, let me introduce to you, these two are engineers in our team."
"Comrade Liu Zhendong, who is relatively tall, is next to Comrade Yu Yongzhong."
"Comrade Liu Zhendong is currently responsible for the research and development of smelting molds, while Comrade Yu Yongzhong is responsible for explosive proportioning and chemical synthesis."
Liu Zhendong? Yu Yongzhong?
The moment I heard these two names.
Xu Yun was slightly startled.
Good guy, what a coincidence, right?
Mentioned before.
In the original history, the rabbits spent a lot of time building the detonation test site, far exceeding the expected time limit.
If a certain engineer hadn't created the Mikhailov Pot like a cheat, the Rabbits' atomic bomb would have been delayed by at least three to four months before it exploded.
The engineer who created Mikhailov's pot was the Liu Zhendong in front of Xu Yun - considering the name and work unit, Xu Yun was 100% sure that the other person was the same person.
As for Yu Yongzhong next to Liu Zhendong, he is also a big boss.
He is the main person in charge of the research and development of explosives and fuels in the Rabbits' two-bomb and one-star project. He is also the earliest explosives engineer here to develop the CL20.
The same as Chen Huaijin, Shen Zhongfang and others who appeared in the previous Zhuxianjian project.
Yu Yongzhong was not selected as an academician not because of lack of ability, but because his contributions were only officially declassified in recent years.
At the time when Xu Yun traveled through time.
Mr. Yu Yongzhong just passed his 99th birthday not long ago, and he is still one year away from turning 100. He is still in good health and can even drive an electric wheelchair for a walk
Xu Yun then shook hands with Liu Zhendong and Yu Yongzhong very politely. After letting go, Wang Yuan introduced the CL20 process Xu Yun said to them:
"Expand the molecular structure to three-dimensional and two-dimensional. Jili Guala Aba Aba"
A few minutes passed.
Wang Yuan looked at the two of them and asked:
"Zhendong, Yongzhong, what do you think?" Note:
You can’t write too detailed about explosives technology. The original chapter was reduced to 4,000 words. I cried QAQ
Our book has an audio drama. There is a real-person narration version just above the word monthly ticket on the book page. You can listen to it
(End of chapter)