Chapter 491 Mass-Photometric Formula! Schwarzschild’s ambition! The three heroes of Guangxiang! Today I know who I am!
Inside the National Museum of Rome.
The first plenary meeting of the International Astronomical Union is being held enthusiastically.
Li Qiwei's opening speech gave all the astronomers present a strong sense of mission.
The wooden sticks that primitive people threw into the sky tens of thousands of years ago have now become airplanes.
The telescopes used by astronomers to observe the stars today may in the future become "eyes in the sky" orbiting the earth.
Augusto quickly recovered from the shock.
He was very excited to feel the charm of Professor Bruce's speech at such a close distance.
However, he kept his hosting duties firmly in mind.
“Next, let’s enter the sharing report session of the conference.”
"The first sharer was Professor Eddington from Cambridge University."
"Let us welcome him for his presentation."
Wow!
The audience burst into warm applause.
Eddington's name is a household name in the astronomy community.
The starlight bending that verified the general theory of relativity made him instantly become a star in the scientific world from an unknown professor.
If he hadn't been relatively young now, he might have been a senior boss like Haer, Dyson and others.
However, in recent years, the other party has not published any significant results.
Many people are curious about what amazing results the other party will bring this time.
Eddington took a deep breath, stood up from his seat, and walked to the stage with confident steps.
Dyson looked at his figure, his eyes full of relief.
In a person's life, it is enough to be proud to have research results like Eddington's.
Not everyone can be like Professor Bruce, where inspiration comes out without money.
But Dyson knew that Eddington would not rest on his laurels.
This is his pride and his passion.
A smile appeared on Hubble's lips.
He, Eddington, and Schwarzschild used to be so high-spirited.
Time has gone by, but their hearts have not grown old!
But what Hubble felt was a pity that Schwarzschild did not come to attend this conference.
The war made the other party look down upon all honors and formalities, and only wanted to be with the stars above their heads.
In his last letter, Schwarzschild said that he had moved to Göttingen and was working at a local observatory.
It's almost semi-hidden.
Otherwise, with his status and contribution in the war, he would definitely be a guest at any university in Germany.
Hubble isn't at all worried about Big Brother's mental state.
Because the other party once said domineeringly in the letter:
"I want to find the real black hole!"
"It is not a special celestial body predicted based on the general theory of relativity, but a mysterious celestial body that actually exists in the universe."
"For this, I am willing to spend the rest of my life!"
The medals of war will only make him recall the pain, but the traces of truth can make him leave his name in history.
Hubble admired such ambition.
Once Schwarzschild is found, they will become an immortal legend in the field of astronomy.
Three people each verified a prediction of general relativity!
They can be called the Three Great Masters of Guangxiang!
But Hubble feels that Schwarzschild's wish may be the most difficult to realize.
Because black holes are just a result of the universal prediction.
It has no formation process at all.
Even stars have a birth process such as nuclear fusion.
So how are black holes formed?
It's impossible to jump out of the void directly.
At present, the astronomical community still lacks such a theory.
Once you can figure out the mystery of how black holes form, it will definitely be easier to find them.
"Brother Shi, I wish you good luck."
"I believe you can wait until that day."
Just as Hubble sweetly recalled the past events of the three of them.
Eddington has arrived on the podium.
At this moment, his momentum changed.
Eddington, who was famous in the world of astronomy, is back!
"Hello everyone."
"The topic of my report today is the study of stellar mass."
"Since Professor Bruce proposed the theory of nuclear fusion in the origin of stars, the mass of stars has become a key parameter."
"It is closely related to the star formation process."
"In addition, in the study of large-scale star systems and star cluster systems, the mass of stars also plays a crucial role."
"Currently in astronomy, there are two most mainstream methods for measuring the mass of stars."
"The first one is to calculate the mass of the star by inferring the orbital parameters of the planets or satellites around the star through gravity."
"The second is to estimate the mass of the star based on the shape or frequency changes of the star's emission spectral lines."
"But both methods have their own shortcomings."
"The first method takes a lot of time to accurately record the orbital path of the planet or satellite."
"For some special stars, this time is likely to be a year or even longer."
"Obviously, this method is very troublesome and wastes observation resources."
"In addition, due to the complex environment in the universe, there are often other gravitational sources invisible to the naked eye, causing deviations in the results."
"Although the second method requires a short time, it only needs to measure the emission spectrum of the star."
“But the error of this method is also very large.”
"Because the elements contained in stars are almost the same."
"Their spectral changes are difficult to use as effective data for estimating mass."
"In existing spectral tables, the measured distance between stars is usually more than 10 times."
"Although astronomical measurements do not require precision, for stellar masses, this level of error is obviously intolerable."
"Therefore, astronomy urgently needs a more practical measurement method with smaller errors."
Many astronomers in the audience nodded slightly.
The measurement of stellar mass has always been a headache in astronomy.
Although the gravity method is accurate, it takes too long.
Although the spectroscopy method is short in time, the error is too large.
You cannot have the best of both worlds.
At this time, Eddington raised his tone and said excitedly:
"And now, I've created a completely new method of measurement."
"I named it: mass spectrometry."
"This method makes up for the shortcomings of existing methods and is both simple and precise."
Wow!
The venue was in shock!
This is an incredible result!
If such a good method really existed, it would instantly become the first choice among astronomers.
Many people's eyes widened with great anticipation.
"Professor Eddington is indeed the first genius to verify the universal phase."
"He successfully broke through himself and created greater glory."
"Although this achievement may not be as good as verifying starlight bending, its effect far exceeds the latter."
"Astronomical research will add another powerful tool."
Dyson, Hubble and others were all happy for Eddington.
This step is too difficult for ordinary people with ordinary qualifications like them.
At this point, Eddington began to introduce his method.
"Based on Professor Bruce's theory of nuclear fusion."
"In the process of star stability, heat energy propagates from the inside to the outside."
"This process is not achieved through convection as originally thought."
"It's through radiation."
"When stars radiate heat energy, they generate radiation pressure."
"This pressure can have a significant impact on the balance of the stars."
"Based on this balance, the relationship between the mass of the star and the heat it radiates can be found."
"The luminosity of a star refers to the total energy radiated by the star in one second."
"Therefore, we can draw a conclusion."
"There is a certain relationship between the mass of a star and its luminosity." "To this end, I analyzed the data of thousands of existing stars and finally summarized the relationship between mass and luminosity."
"The greater the mass of a star, the greater its luminosity."
"The formula is as follows."
"Using this formula, as long as we measure the luminosity of a star, we can directly calculate its mass."
"The photometric measurement method is now very mature and extremely accurate."
"The following are several sets of data from my experiments."
"It can be clearly seen that using my mass spectrophotometric analysis method can increase the measurement accuracy by 85%."
"So I think this approach can be generalized."
Wow!
There was a sudden sound of surprise in the venue.
Everyone was shocked by Eddington's theory and results.
This new method of measuring stellar mass is clearly far better than existing methods.
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And measuring the luminosity of a star is much simpler than measuring the spectrum.
This method conquered everyone instantly.
“Professor Eddington’s method is so exquisite!”
"I even think that if the stellar evolution theory is perfected, this formula can be derived theoretically."
"Moreover, this method was developed based on Professor Bruce's nuclear fusion theory."
“It’s hard to be wrong!”
"Today's meeting is indeed worth looking forward to. It has just begun. I did not expect such shocking results to come out."
"What else is down there, I can't wait."
At this moment, everyone was very envious of Eddington.
Because he can often visit Professor Bruce at the Quantum Institute.
This is an opportunity that countless people dream of.
Just when everyone thought Eddington was about to end his speech.
He continued:
"Using this method, I measured the masses of hundreds of unknown stars."
"After comparing a large number of stellar mass data, I discovered a very interesting phenomenon."
"That is, there seems to be a limit to the size of stars."
"Stars with a mass more than 10 times that of the sun are very, very rare."
"I think there may be some unknown reason behind this phenomenon."
"Logically speaking, the mass of stars should not be too limited."
"Although the greater the mass, the greater its own gravity."
"But similarly, the radiation pressure generated by nuclear fusion in stars will also increase."
"Stars can still maintain balance."
"So, I think this issue needs further research."
Everyone was shocked when they heard this.
This question is very interesting.
In the field of science, any issue involving thresholds will inevitably mean new discoveries.
Because the physical universe does not allow the concept of infinity to exist.
For example, infinite mass, infinitely small matter, etc.
It must have a limit.
Such as the speed of light, absolute zero, various cosmological constants, etc.
For physicists, scales below the Planck limit have no physical meaning.
So, when Eddington discovered that there was a limit to the mass of stars.
Everyone's first reaction is that this problem is extraordinary.
"Professor Eddington is so excited."
"Not only did he create a measurement method, he also raised such an important question."
Soon, Eddington's report ended.
In accordance with the meeting rules, each speaker will answer only three questions.
At this time, many people raised their hands enthusiastically.
Eddington then started calling random people.
There was lively discussion in the venue.
When it came to the third question, Li Qiwei suddenly raised his hand.
Wow!
The venue suddenly became a sensation.
Professor Bruce never takes action easily.
If he asked a question, it would definitely be a fatal blow.
Very few people can withstand his attacks.
Eddington was shocked when he saw this.
I was extremely excited inside.
He was finally able to fight openly with Professor Bruce.
This was his dream when he was young.
He was fully prepared for today's highly anticipated occasion.
"Professor Bruce, please!"
However, what Li Qiwei said next was beyond everyone's expectations.
"Haha, I have no problem."
"I just want to say that I should be able to explain the star mass limit issue you raised."
"Next I'll show you my theory."
Wow!
Everyone was shocked!
Everyone's eyes turned to Li Qiwei.
When Eddington heard this, his face was full of disbelief.
He didn't expect that his problem could be solved by Professor Bruce on the spot.
This is too incredible.
For a moment, he didn't know what to say.
Li Qiwei continued to smile:
"After I just listened to your question, I found that my theory can explain it."
"So it's just a coincidence."
"I'm not that adaptable."
He was obviously being modest, but to everyone's ears, there was always a faint taste.
Eddington smiled bitterly:
"Professor Bruce, you really gave me a surprise."
Such a dramatic scene pushed the atmosphere in the venue to a climax.
Everyone can't wait to know the answer.
The excitement of this meeting exceeded everyone's imagination.
"A prosperous age of astronomy!"
Soon, the speech continued.
Although other people's results were not as shocking as before, they still received applause.
At this time, Augusto said:
"Now, I would like to invite Dr. Hubble, a researcher at the Mount Wilson Observatory in the United States, to give a report."
When everyone heard this, their spirits were lifted!
Will Hubble, once hailed as a super genius in astronomy, be shocked today?
Many people are not optimistic about Hubble.
Although he once studied with Professor Bruce.
But the geniuses of his generation have long since become the mainstay.
Hubble has never been famous.
Even genius will become dim under the erosion of time.
At this moment, Hubble walked onto the stage under the gaze of everyone.
All the ups and downs of the past came to mind.
But his face was calm and calm.
A surge of domineering power instantly rose into the sky!
Today I know who I am!
He said confidently:
"Professor Eddington's new theory is impressive."
“Professor Bruce’s report is what everyone is looking forward to.”
"But."
"Hubble may not be bad!"
boom!
Everyone in the house was shocked!
(End of chapter)