Chapter 495 The most terrifying fact! The universe is a prison for mankind! The concept of the observable universe!
Inside the Lecture Hall of the National Museum of Rome.
When Sir Dyson stoically raised the question that galaxies are receding faster than the speed of light, the whole audience was in an uproar.
Hubble originally wanted to rely on the law of expansion to prove the fifth prediction of the wide phase, but now it violates the inference that the speed of light in the narrow phase cannot be exceeded.
Such contradictory logic left Hubble at a loss.
However, at this moment, a majestic and vast voice sounded.
"Hubble was not wrong."
"The law of expansion is not inconsistent with the special theory of relativity."
Everyone quickly looked towards the source of the sound.
call!
The speaker was surprisingly Professor Bruce!
He wants to find a place for Hubble, his half-disciple!
Everyone was excited!
"Hey, I really envy Hubble."
"It was the same with Bohr in the past. Whenever he encountered a problem that couldn't be solved, he would always have that tall figure standing behind him."
"Even if Professor Bruce doesn't speak, just standing there without moving will give people a strong sense of security."
"This is the terrifying power of the world's first scientific man."
Everyone was talking about it.
This meeting was so exciting.
Worthy of the name of the Supreme Council of Astronomy.
After today, the contents of the conference will shock the academic world and even spread wider.
When Dyson heard this, a smile appeared on his old face.
He didn't expect that his problem would actually force Professor Bruce to take action.
In his opinion, special relativity must be correct.
So Hubble must be wrong.
Now, if Professor Bruce wants to forcefully save face for his disciple, there will be a good show.
Haer's mood was like a roller coaster, from peak to trough, and now back to the peak again.
"With Professor Bruce here, Hubble will definitely be stable this time."
Eddington, Shapley, Yu Qingsong and others all looked excited.
They desperately want answers.
If the conclusion of the expansion law is correct, astronomy will inevitably enter a new stage after today.
At this moment, the most excited person in the room was undoubtedly Hubble.
When he saw Professor Bruce walking up to the podium step by step, there seemed to be a warm current in his heart that warmed his whole body.
After Li Qiwei walked up to Hubble, he smiled slightly, patted him on the shoulder and said:
"Hubble, you've done an outstanding job."
"It seems that you have not lowered your requirements for yourself in these years."
"I'm very happy."
Wow!
Some touching words of praise completely broke Hubble's defense.
He felt that all the pressure and long nights of pain he had experienced were worth it.
He used his results to gain recognition from Professor Bruce.
This is more important than the world's recognition of him.
"Bruce taught me."
Li Qiwei waved his hand gently.
Hubble suppressed his emotions. He knew that Professor Bruce was telling him not to think too much and relax.
Li Qiwei's heart: Then you are really overthinking it. I just want to say, you do the hard work, and I'll do the pretense.
Under the gaze of everyone, he said:
"Sir Dyson just said that according to the law of expansion, a celestial body more than 10 billion light-years away from the earth will recede faster than the speed of light."
"I think that's right, it will indeed exceed the speed of light."
"However, it is not that the celestial body itself moves faster than the speed of light, but that the expansion speed of the universe exceeds the speed of light."
"These are two completely different speeds."
"Although for us, the measured speed can be regarded as the movement speed of celestial bodies, the essence is different."
"Because according to the inference of the special theory of relativity, the propagation speed of any object with mass and information cannot exceed the speed of light."
"But the expansion of the universe has neither mass nor information, so it does not violate the special theory of relativity."
"Let me give you a vivid example."
"Our human thinking is not subject to any control."
"With a single thought, I can let my mind imagine any place far away."
“Isn’t the speed of thinking also faster than the speed of light?”
"If you imagine the universe as a balloon, and an ant on the balloon as a galaxy."
"While the ant stayed still forever, I started blowing up the balloon."
"As the balloon continues to expand, the ants get further away from me."
"But the ant itself does not move, so it still complies with the limit of the speed of light that cannot be exceeded."
"This is the explanation of the law of expansion for the speed of light."
Wow!
As soon as he finished speaking, there was a burst of discussion in the audience.
Dyson and others suddenly realized!
It turns out that both the law of expansion and the special theory of relativity are indeed correct.
"This is amazing!"
"It turns out that the special theory of relativity I previously understood was wrong."
"Sure enough, I can't become a physicist."
In fact, it’s no wonder that Dyson and others have questions.
If today's meeting were a meeting of physicists, no one would ask this question at all.
Even if there are, they are only a very small number of people who do not fully understand the narrow phase.
Although the expansion of the universe faster than the speed of light may seem simple to later generations, in this era, it is ultra-cutting-edge knowledge.
It is difficult for non-physics professionals to figure out the principle at once.
Everyone present today is an astronomer. It’s hard to say how many of them have carefully studied the special theory of relativity.
Therefore, most people, like Dyson, do not understand the profound connotation that the speed of light cannot be exceeded.
Any object with mass cannot move faster than the speed of light.
For example, microscopic particles such as electrons and protons cannot be accelerated no matter what.
And any behavior of transmitting information cannot exceed the speed of light.
Therefore, quantum entanglement can exceed the speed of light.
Two microscopic particles capable of quantum entanglement can become entangled instantly even if they are placed at opposite ends of the universe.
Because the process of quantum entanglement does not transmit information.
The same is true for the expansion of the universe.
Everyone present understood Li Qiwei's explanation.
Because this is not difficult to understand in the first place, it just needs some guidance.
Hubble's face seemed to be blooming in spring.
His hanging heart could finally let go.
Professor Bruce's answer made his theory impeccable.
Soon, after Li Qiwei finished explaining, he stepped down from the stage and returned to his seat with Hubble's courtesy.
The episode just now pushed the atmosphere of the meeting to its peak.
Everyone continued to ask questions enthusiastically.
However, Li Qiwei took action and crushed everything.
Everyone's problem is that the attack power has obviously become weaker.
More focus is on the derivation of the law of expansion and its connection with various astronomical phenomena.
Hubble's expression was obviously more relaxed and he seemed to be at ease.
Because he knew that his theory must be right.
"You all come together again, why should I, Hubble, be afraid!"
At this time, Yu Qingsong suddenly raised his hand under the shock of the Gaolu people.
Hubble saw each other at a glance. Although there were many Asian faces in this venue, Yu Qingsong was the unique one.
Because the other party was someone Professor Bruce had taken with him. Of course Hubble knows.
So, he smiled and said:
"Hello Yu, please ask your question."
After Yu Qingsong's experience and experience in the past two years, he is no longer the shy boy who went to study in the United States.
He grew up quickly.
At today's ultra-high-level international conference, he wants to express his own voice on behalf of China!
As for Professor Li Qiwei, he was directly excluded.
Because the professor represents the entire human civilization in the sky.
Yu Qingsong said:
"Dr. Hubble, after listening to your theory, I suddenly thought of a somewhat incredible fact."
"If you combine the law of expansion, the inference that the speed of light cannot be exceeded, and the Big Bang conjecture."
"Then, we will be able to draw a conclusion: the universe is a prison for human beings!"
boom!
No one expected that this ordinary-looking young Chinese man would be shocked as soon as he opened his mouth.
There is no mistake in every song, one post, one content, one 6 one, one book, one book, take a look!
This tone was even louder than Professor Bruce's.
It’s really shocking!
But many people don't understand why, when these three theories are put together, the concept of cage can be derived.
When Hubble heard this, his eyes flashed.
He seemed to have thought of something.
He stared at Yu Qingsong closely, feeling shocked in his heart.
"As expected, he is someone Professor Bruce values. This insight is terrifying."
You know, the other person is still just an undergraduate.
In today's meeting, all the undergraduates who can attend are definitely top geniuses.
Otherwise, it would not be possible to be brought by the instructor.
However, only Yu Qingsong proposed this concept.
Hubble can't wait to know the other party's analysis.
Li Qiwei just smiled.
He already knew what Yu Qingsong wanted to say.
I feel proud in my heart: Who said I have no one in China!
Amid everyone’s doubts and confusion, Yu Qingsong continued:
"If the Big Bang theory is correct, it means that the moment the Big Bang started, it was actually the beginning of the life of the universe."
"We assume that at some point after the Big Bang, the Earth formed."
"At this time, with the Earth as the center, celestial bodies in all directions are moving away from the Earth due to the expansion of space."
"If there were observers at that time, the light emitted by these celestial bodies could still be received on the earth."
"But, wait until the receding speed of the celestial body exceeds the speed of light."
"The light they emit will never reach the earth."
"This means we will never be able to observe those objects."
"Because all distance observations of celestial bodies in astronomy use electromagnetic waves as tools."
"If it fails, there's nothing we can do."
"So, in fact, the universe that we humans can actually observe is only a small part of the entire universe."
"If we can now know the age of the universe, then combined with the law of expansion, we should be able to calculate an observable range."
"The universe within this range is the universe that humans can theoretically observe."
"As for the outside of the observable universe, it is an area that will never be known to humans."
"That's why I say that the universe is a prison for human beings."
"We can never get out."
boom!
After Yu Qingsong finished speaking, the venue suddenly became eerily quiet!
Everyone was shocked by his analysis results.
That is a kind of spiritual depression!
The coldness and ruthlessness of the universe is vividly reflected at this moment!
No one doubts the authenticity of the results.
Because the logic of this derivation is very simple.
It's just that it's a little troublesome to calculate it accurately.
No one was present to give immediate results.
Everyone looked at Yu Qingsong.
This young Chinese guy is really awesome.
Although the concept of the observable universe is not difficult, the first person who can figure it out is definitely a genius.
In addition to Professor Bruce, China has another new star in astronomy.
After listening to Yu Qingsong's analysis, Gao Lu and others opened their mouths blankly.
A few decades ago, astronomy in the eyes of Chinese people was still "a star has fallen in the northwest, and its light is scattered in all directions."
But now, the same Chinese people are talking about "observable universe".
This strong sense of tearing and generational difference made the Gaolu people feel dazed for a while.
The times are developing too fast!
Li Qiwei was very satisfied with Yu Qingsong.
The young man has already begun to enter the house.
In later generations, astronomers calculated the age of the universe to be 13.8 billion years by observing the light emitted by the oldest stars in the universe.
If there is no expansion of the universe, then the scope of the human observable universe should be a ball with a radius of 13.8 billion light-years.
However, due to the effect of expansion, the receding speed of celestial bodies will exceed the speed of light at a certain distance.
This means that the light it emits will no longer reach the earth.
Then it is unknowable to the earth.
According to calculations based on the law of expansion, first-grade primary school students all know that the diameter of the observable universe is 93 billion light-years.
(The calculation process is quite complicated, you don’t need to understand it)
We have no idea what the universe is beyond this range.
Some astronomers believe that the entire diameter of the universe is 2 trillion light years.
Some people also believe that the universe is infinite.
Such is the vastness of the universe.
Even if humans move at the speed of light, on the scale of the universe, it is pitifully slow, just like an ant crawling.
Hubble already knew what Yu Qingsong was going to say when he was halfway through speaking.
He couldn't help but sigh:
"Yu, you really poured cold water on us."
"This is really the most terrible fact!"
Yu Qingsong smiled and said nothing.
He had just mustered up a lot of courage.
This derivation process is enough to write a good paper, even a doctoral thesis.
Of course, it is far from enough to shock the astronomical world with it.
After all, this is just a definite inference, not an original theoretical study.
But Gao Lu and others were already very satisfied.
This is very likely to be the first original astronomy academic paper in China except for Professor Bruce.
It means a lot!
From now on, it is almost certain that Yu Qingsong will be in charge of Huaxia Literature.
At this time, Hubble regained his mood.
These things are established facts, no matter how much you think about them.
He smiled and said:
"It seems that it is impossible for us humans to escape the shackles of the universe."
"Unless a means can be invented to exceed the speed of light."
"But Professor Bruce just said that it is impossible to carry mass and galaxies faster than the speed of light."
Everyone nodded and thought no more.
Yu Qingsong's episode ends here and does not affect Hubble's theory.
However, at this time, a voice sounded again:
"Maybe, I have a way."
(End of chapter)