Chapter 511 Reconstructing the time when quantum theory breaks out! The only two observable quantums in quantum theory! Shocked everyone!
In early June 1922, Lichvi entered Austria from Munich, Germany.
He communicated with Austrian psychologist Freud, and both sides discussed the psychological problems caused by the war.
Li Qiwei highly praised Freud's psychoanalytical theory. "He is a pioneer in the field of thought, trying to think about human nature in a new way."
Freud publicly stated: "Although I have been studying human spirit all my life, for Professor Bruce, I feel my insignificance."
"His spiritual realm , as vast as the universe, but not as cold and quiet as the universe, but full of light and heat. "
"The first time I saw him, I knew that there was absolutely science in this world Unexplained things."
"Of course, Professor Bruce refuted my point of view."
Then, Lichvi left Austria, passed through Hungary, and was warmly treated by the Hungarian scientific community.
When he was giving a speech at the University of Budapest, a student in the mathematics department asked the question: "Hello, Professor Bruce, my name is von Neumann." "Do you think the various theories in physics are discoveries or inventions?" Li Qiwei looked at von Neumann with a little meaningful look and replied:
"I think it can be considered from two perspectives."
"For humans, physical theory is invention."
"For the universe, physical theory is discovery."
" >
"Because physics is a means and method for humans to observe the universe."
"For example, Maxwell's system of equations."
"Before this, we had no means to unify electromagnetic and light and study their commonalities."
"So, this is an invention."
"But even without the Maxwell equation Groups, electromagnetic waves in the universe still exist according to this law, and their behavior is fixed. "
"Maxwell's system of equations just describes this phenomenon."
"So, From the perspective of the universe, it is a kind of discovery."
Li Qiwei's answer won applause.
Finally, he suddenly smiled and added: "Von Neumann who just asked the question is very good."
After hearing this, von Neumann instantly Blushed.
Praise by Professor Bruce is both an honor and a pressure.
At this time, a classmate below cheered: "Professor Bruce, von Neumann is a famous little mathematician in Hungary." There was a laughter in the venue.
In mid-June, Liqiwei came to Poland after visiting Czechoslovakia.
His arrival has caused the entire Polish scientific community to fall into a carnival.
This is the hometown of the great astronomer Copernicus and also the motherland of Madame Curie.
Lichvi was at Copernicus's former residence and admired the breath of this great prophet.
The other party defended the sacredness of science with his life.
Li Chivi was invited to deliver a speech on astronomy at the Jagelon University, Copernicus' alma mater.
He said at the end:
"From the heliocentric theory to the universe island theory, and then to the expansion of the universe, human beings' understanding of the starry sky has been deepening."
" Human mind has also expanded accordingly, infinitely broad."
" If there is really a science that can make people's mind noble and free from the filth of time, this science must be astronomy."
In the end of June, Liqiwei crossed the Baltic Sea and entered Denmark from Poland.
At the invitation of Bohr, he came to the Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Copenhagen to give lectures.
Bohr, who is 37 years old this year, has become a steady and handsome uncle.
But in front of Li Qiwei, he still maintained his studious nature as a student. "Professor, the theory you published at the Roman Astronomy Conference is so wonderful." "I never thought that quantum theory could be applied to the evolution of stars."
As the founder of quantum theory, Bohr often goes to various countries to hold lectures and promote his own theories.
However, the quantum theory he talks about is basically only related to physics, and occasionally involves chemistry.
However, Professor Bruce applied quantum theory to the field of astronomy for the first time.
And it was a huge success.
This greatly expands the scope of application of quantum theory, and also proves the reliability of quantum theory in disguise.
This made Bohr feel extremely happy.
According to the ranking of the top ten research fields of physics released by Nature, quantum theory ranks first!
The most popular theory now is quantum theory.
Its connotation is so rich.
Even biologists have begun to use quantum theory knowledge to study the characteristics of organisms.
The concept of quantum has only appeared for more than 20 years and has penetrated into all aspects of the field of science.
Bohr’s greatest hope now is to know what the future of quantum theory is.
So, he continued to ask curiously: "Professor, has your research on quantum theory reconstruction progress?"
Li Qiwei smiled slightly when he heard this.
"It should be soon."
"You will soon find that quantum theory has just begun!"
Wow!
Bol was shocked when he heard this!
Although he knew that there are still some flaws in current quantum theory.
Even he has heard Professor Bruce want to reconstruct the theory more than once.
But if quantum theory has just begun, wouldn’t it be a bit too exaggerated?
Even with Bohr's concentration, he couldn't help but be excited.
He said longingly: "What kind of theory will that be?"
In July, Li Qiwei ended his journey and returned to the UK from Denmark.
Next, he will complete his last big event in Europe.
——
August 1, 1922, Institute of Quantum Research.
Paulie was very happy today because his beloved junior brother, Heisenberg, also came to work in the institute.
Just a few days ago, Heisenberg successfully passed the interview and officially became a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Quantum Research.
The concept of postdoctoral fellows appeared decades ago.
It is not a degree or education above a doctorate, but a work experience, and is specially prepared for those who have just graduated.
Postdoctoral fellows can engage in research independently and belong to researchers, not students.
Although Heisenberg is known as a genius, he did not make achievements that shocked the academic community during his PhD like Pauli.
So, he needs this postdoctoral transition period.
However, Heisenberg himself doesn't care much about this. Being able to work in the Institute of Quantum Research is already his greatest happiness.
The arrival of Heisenberg made Pauli feel like home.
Because he has offended everyone else in the institute.
In this world, only Heisenberg will never dislike him.
So, Pauli must stand up for his brother.
"Heisenberg, I heard that you were embarrassed by Professor Wien for your doctoral defense?"
"That old stubborn, let's see how I settle the score with him when I go back."
Heisenberg felt in his heart after hearing this. Nude, he smiled and said: "Senior brother, Professor Wien is right. He woke me up." "I should indeed pay attention to the breadth of accumulated knowledge."
"Professor Bruce can integrate astronomy, atomics, quantum theory and relativity because he learns from others."
"He is my role model."
Paulie waved his hand and said arrogantly:
"Professor Bruce is right of course."
"But don't listen to Professor Wayne's fooling around."
"The ideas of old antiques are outdated."
"He knows what modern physics."
"Professor Bruce never did experiments and did not suppress everything."
" > "When you will achieve results in the field of quantum theory one day, you will surpass Professor Wien in minutes." Heisenberg could only smile bitterly. He dared not be so sharp and sharply praised by a Nobel Prize in physics like Pauli.
But he knew that Pauli was not disrespectful to others, but only cared about the other party’s academic achievements and thoughts.
However, Heisenberg did not refute the other party's last words in his heart.
He kept holding his breath!
At this time, Pauli hugged Heisenberg and said with a smile: "Let's go, I'll formally introduce the staff in the office to you."
"Although you've been here before, that time was just a quick look."
Next, Heisenberg finally understood why Senior Brother Pauli missed him so much.
"What do you mean by Mr. Xue?"
"He knows a lot of fields."
"What are radiology, atomics, quantum theory, and relativity theory?"
"What are radiology, atomics, quantum theory, and relativity theory?" Wait, it’s all very well-informed.”
No mistakes, one song, one content, one in 6, one book, one bar, one reading! "But, his research results are all that painless." "So until now, he is not well-known in the physics community." >"Because of the lack of results that can make a final conclusion."
"That's why I said Professor Wien was wrong. Ten birds in the forest are worse than one bird in hand."
"A awesome physicist must have specialties."
"But hehe, Mr. Xue also has his own specialties."
Heisenberg is not sure why, why is the senior brother? She smiled so slutty.
He is as innocent as a recruit.
"Sister Na, you know, Madame Curie's daughter."
"But her temper is too tough, not as gentle and delicate as Madame Curie." "And she is an experimental maniac, and she is the most diligent in the institute."
" ”
Heisenberg listened while walking, his legs frightened.
"Senior brother, you dare to say it, but I dare not listen."
Soon, the two arrived in the conference room.
Today is a monthly discussion meeting at the Institute of Quantum Research.
All staff in the institute will participate and share their research experience.
This kind of discussion meeting is not a group meeting, it focuses more on communication and collision of inspiration and innovative ideas.
Heisenberg is very excited because Professor Bruce will share it himself today.
This is a rare opportunity.
Nearly twenty people sat in the conference room on the second floor.
Including Schrödinger, Irena, Pauli, Heisenberg, etc.
They are all researchers in the Institute of Quantum Research.
There are no rules for the meeting, and everyone can even listen while smoking or eating.
Because Li Qiwei believes that people can only burst out with various inspirations in this relaxed environment.
Everyone sat around and looked in the same direction.
Li Qiwei glanced at everyone one by one with his eyes and said with a smile:
"First of all, I will formally introduce a new colleague to you."
"He graduated from Dr. Heisenberg from the University of Munich. ”
Bang!
Everyone applauded.
They have all heard of Heisenberg's name and are no strangers.
Heisenberg quickly stood up and greeted everyone shyly.
"Hello everyone, I am Heisenberg, please take care of me."
The introduction is completed and today's discussion has officially begun.
Li Qiwei spoke first, and he said with a smile: "Some time ago, I went to Rome to attend the International Astronomy Conference, and then traveled to European countries."
"This journey I have gained a lot."
"I suggest that if you can't find inspiration, you can also consider going out for fun."
"If you can publish innovative results during your trip, you will be fully covered."
Wow!
Everyone smiled happily when he heard this.
Professor Bruce is so good!
Li Qiwei continued:
"When I was recuperating in Davos, Switzerland due to a cold, I suddenly had a new idea of the reconstruction of quantum theory."
"I will share my thoughts with you today."
"I hope anyone here can fulfill my wish in the future."
Wow!
Everyone was shocked!
"Has Professor Bruce made another breakthrough?"
"This is so scary!"
"He just shocked the astronomy community."
This achievement It was like a money-free person, making everyone envious and worship.
Heisenberg widened his eyes and breathed rapidly when he heard this.
He came to the right place!
Only here can he be at the forefront of physics.
Professor Somofe treats him very well, but he can't give him what he wants most.
Amid everyone's shock, Li Qiwei said slowly: "Before, I have always believed that quantum theory urgently needs a more basic theory."
"Because quantum theory is different from relativity."
"The former is highly dependent on atoms."
"So, we must be careful about any physical picture description of it. , avoid blind people touching elephants or drawing extravagance. "
"I said before in Germany: We are not sure whether there are orbits inside atoms." "
"So, I think Those physical quantities that are unmeasurable or imagined should be abandoned."
"What are unmeasurable?"
"For example, the orbits and energy levels of electrons are unnatural assumptions."
"So, in quantum theory, what quantities exactly are there? Is it an observable physical quantity? ”
Suddenly, Li Qiwei stretched out two fingers gently.
"I carefully sorted out the entire content of quantum theory and found two."
"The first is the frequency of the atomic emission spectrum."
"It represents the frequency of electromagnetic waves radiated when electrons transition from one orbit to another."
"It It represents the difference in energy levels between orbits. "
"With it, we don't need to assign values to the energy levels separately." "
"In this way, it can Remove the assumption of energy level."
"The second one is the intensity of the atomic emission spectrum."
"Based on it, we can calculate the probability that electrons will transition from orbit A to orbit B."
"In the second At the Quantum Theory Conference, I proposed that the transition of electrons is probability. "
"This is not because I speak nonsense, but because it is closely related to the intensity of the spectrum." "
"I think , these two physical quantities are the core of the entire quantum theory. ”
"Because they can be measured accurately."
"Start with these two observable quantities, build a more basic theory and give a mathematical description."
"By Mathematical derivation can naturally derive all properties of electrons, such as four large sub-numbers. "
"Then, quantum theory no longer needs any assumptions!" "
Boom!
Everyone was shocked!
Heisenberg was extremely excited!
(This chapter ends)