Chapter 248: The two pests are milder than the milder
Acute rejection reaction is a common immune response after organ transplantation.
A more professional statement is: acute rejection is an emergency response of the immune system to an immune attack produced by the transplanted organs, and it is a protective mechanism that comes with the human body!
In fact,
As early as the 1940s, around 1940, a Western scientist discovered the existence of transplant rejection when he was studying skin transplantation, which is also The first time that acute rejection reactions have truly attracted attention from the medical community.
Ten years later, in the 1950s, with the increase in clinical practices such as kidney transplantation, doctors have more clearly observed various rejection phenomena that occur in different time periods after transplantation, and the concept of acute rejection in modern medicine has gradually become Clear.
After another ten years, in the 1960s, with the continuous development of immune detection technology, people have gained a deeper understanding of the immune mechanism of acute rejection reactions, and the pharmacy community has begun for the first time Really start developing immune preparation drugs!
It was not until the 1980s that with the emergence of immunosuppressants that can inhibit the proliferation of immune cells and reduce the sensitivity of the immune system, human organ transplantation truly developed rapidly and became more mature!
Of course.
Although immunosuppressants can greatly suppress the immune system's work, until now, until modern medicine is so advanced, immunosuppressants cannot completely control all rejection reactions!
Even until now, many patients have died of acute rejection after organ transplantation and have died of "explosion" in just a few days.
Zhang Yang did not expect that the production of TEF glycoprotein may be related to the very dangerous "acute rejection reaction". After thinking for a while, he decided to verify his thoughts first.
At this time, Wei Tian and Dr. Zhou also packed their personal belongings and left the office area. Zhang Yang was not prepared to let them come back and continue working overtime.
As a top drug researcher, he is fully capable of arranging the next experimental plans.
Five minutes later, he guessed that Wei Tian and Dr. Zhou had left the park, so he stood up and walked to the middle of the office area and clapped his palms.
"Okay, everyone, let's stop the work in hand first. I have made some new discoveries now and need to redeploy some new experimental tasks!"
"The leaders of each group came to me and started a job. Will..."
…
Zhang Yang's next experiment arrangement is very clear.
First of all, he has guessed the reason why Xia Xue's TEF glycoprotein is far higher than that of other patients. It is possible that Xia Xue had an acute rejection reaction before, and the acute rejection reaction stimulated the metabolism of immune cells. This results in a large amount of TEF glycoprotein secretion.
So, the first thing to do now is to conduct an "acute rejection test"!
As long as the TEF glycoprotein concentration increases in the "acute rejection reaction experiment", it can be proved that the TEF glycoprotein concentration is increased caused by acute rejection!
Of course.
The "Acute Rejection Test" cannot be performed directly in the human body.
"Old Li, contact the animal experiment company immediately and ask them to provide...uh, six experimental monkeys with normal conditions and four experimental monkeys that have cultivated leukemia, I am of great use!"
The staff named Lao Li is the project coordinator of the first project team, which is considered a type of logistics support, specializing in the provision of professional items such as laboratory instruments, consumables, animal receptors, etc.
After hearing this, Lao Li knew that he would inevitably conduct a large-scale experiment next, and he did not dare to neglect and immediately responded!
"Okay, Mr. Zhang, I'll contact the cooperative animal experiment company."
"There should be no problem for the six normal experimental monkeys, but I still need four leukemia experimental monkeys. Ask if there is any spot stock! If not, I will ask other animal testing companies again! "
"Well, ask first, you can add money!" "
As the largest drug research and development company in the country, Qingshan Pharmaceutical is naturally the long-coveted financial father of major animal experiment companies.
After Lao Li dialed the phone, at 1:00 p.m., six normal experimental monkeys appeared in Qingshan Pharmaceutical's specialized animal laboratory.
Generally speaking, animal experiments are mostly conducted using guinea pigs, but this time Zhang Yang is not competent for the animal experiment.
As mentioned before, acute rejection is a common immune response after organ transplantation, so if you want to trigger "acute rejection", you want to conduct "rejection reaction experiments". Zhang Yang needs to perform an organ transplant on the experimental monkey.
Two pm, animal laboratory.
Two normal experimental monkeys who were injected with anesthetic completed kidney organ transplantation. Monkey A's kidney was transplanted into Monkey B's body, and Monkey B's kidney was transplanted into Monkey A's body!
Although it sounds a bit cruel, this is the best and the real "acute rejection reaction experiment"!
Zhang Yang is already commonplace with such experiments. He knows very well that if the experimental monkeys were not responsible for all this, then humans would have to bear all this!
This is modern medicine.
At 2:30 pm, another news came.
The animal laboratory next door also completed the kidney transplant surgery for the remaining two pairs, namely the other four normal experimental monkeys. They also exchange kidneys, and the same "acute rejection test"!
At the same time, new news came from project coordinator Lao Li.
Zhang Yang also requested four experimental monkeys that were cultivated with leukemia, and also arrived at Qingshan Pharmaceutical.
Animal Experimental Companies generally use genetic technology to cultivate animal receptors with various diseases, so they generally need to be customized in advance. This time, these four leukemia experimental monkeys were urgently transported from their neighboring provinces, and specially designed Specially supplied to Qingshan Pharmaceutical.
Two:50 p.m.
Four experimental monkeys with acute myeloid leukemia also completed the transplant surgery, and the method was still the same as before!
Zhang Yang breathed a little relieved.
Next, Qingshan Pharmaceutical only needs to wait for the experimental monkey to experience acute rejection reactions and observe whether the TEF glycoprotein in its blood has increased significantly!
All the R&D personnel of Qingshan Pharmaceutical's first project team finally got a rare rest time. Soon, all ten experimental monkeys woke up from anesthesia. They felt that some conditions were happening in their bodies, but were imprisoned Securely securely, unable to move at all.
At 6:00 p.m., it was only 4 hours before the first pair of normal experimental monkeys completed the kidney transplant.
"Mr. Zhang, the first blood test data has come out!"
"The TEF glycoprotein concentrations in the two experimental monkeys before the transplant surgery were only 0.15mmol/L and 0.18mmol/L. Now, four hours have passed. The TEF concentration content in the body has increased to 0.25mmol/L and 0.29mmol/L, and the concentration value has increased by nearly twice! "
" Moreover, the metabolism rate of immune cells that you specifically require to monitor is also out." "Before the operation, the metabolism rate of immune cells in the two experimental monkeys was 0.1 mmol/min. Now, four hours after the operation, the metabolism rate of immune cells has increased to 0.2 mmol/min, which is also close to double the rate! ”
Zhang Yang hurriedly took the data and checked it carefully, and finally breathed a sigh of relief!
Sure enough, his idea was not wrong!
The increase in the concentration of TEF glycoprotein is caused by acute rejection reaction!
Or more accurately, the concentration of TEF glycoprotein is determined by the metabolism rate of immune cells!
The faster the immune cells metabolize, the more TEF glycoprotein they secrete, the more they contain in the blood!
"Okay, okay!"
"Continue monitoring!"
Zhang Yang's mood became much more relaxed. Half an hour later, the four-hour data of the remaining two pairs of normal experimental monkeys was also released.
Same as the data results of the first pair of experimental monkeys, the subsequent two pairs of normal experimental monkeys also experienced accelerated immune cell metabolism and increased TEF glycoprotein concentration.
At this point, Zhang Yang can be 99% sure that the production of TEF glycoprotein is proportional to the metabolic rate of D8+ T cells in immune cells!
but.
Zhang Yang is still waiting for the last two sets of experimental data.
At 7:00 pm,
The last two pairs, that is, four experimental monkeys who were bred with leukemia, were transplanted for four hours. Data were released! The result was exciting!
The four leukemia experimental monkeys showed significant increases in both the metabolism rate of immune cells and the concentration of TEF glycoprotein in the blood!
It is exactly the same as the previous sets of experiments!
"It's done!"
...
Zhang Yang couldn't stand it, and now he finally found TEF The reason for the increase in glycoprotein was that the originally tight string completely loosened.
At the same time, it's not just him.
Zhang Yang also knew that the colleagues in the first project team worked overtime for nearly half a month because of the improvement plan of "Yibaichunab" and everyone was in a state of physical and mental tension and had not been able to get good for a long time. Have a rest.
Two young project team members were quickly arranged to stay in the laboratory. After drawing animal blood every four hours, Zhang Yang ordered other R&D personnel to go home quickly and have a good rest.
The researchers naturally enjoyed it.
…
At 8:30 am the next morning, when Zhang Yang came to the R&D center with full energy, he found that many R&D personnel had arrived in advance.
Wei Tian and Dr. Zhou rested for nearly a whole day and also appeared in the R&D center early.
No mistakes, one poem, one post, one content, one in 6, one book, one bar, one read!
After seeing Zhang Yang, Dr. Zhou excitedly greeted him:
"Mr. Zhang, are you too strong?! I already know the 'acute rejection test' you conducted yesterday Now! ”
"I didn't expect that the production of TEF glycoprotein is not related to the number of immune cells, but to the acute rejection reaction and the metabolic rate of immune cells!"
"This... was unexpected! ”
Zhang Yang couldn't help but smile. Since Dr. Zhou had already learned the results of yesterday's experiment, he just happened to have to leave the explanation.
Smiling, "There is nothing strong or not. I'm just lucky. If you didn't do your work so meticulously, I wouldn't have found any clues." >
"By the way, it has been thirteen hours since I left the laboratory last night. What are the subsequent experiment results of the ten experimental monkeys in these thirteen hours?"
Dr. Zhou of course understood that Zhang Yang was asking. What, hurriedly said:
"After you left last night, the left-behind researchers drew blood every four hours as required, and completed three blood sample tests in total."
"I just checked According to the latest experimental results, the concentration of TEF glycoprotein in the bodies of ten experimental monkeys has increased compared with last night, and the metabolism rate of immune cells is also increasing, which is consistent with the previous experimental conclusions! ”
Consistent!
Zhang Yang's smile on his face became even brighter, and the result was exactly in line with expectations.
The immune system of the human body, or primates, is in this working mode. After discovering foreign objects invade, the human immune system will be activated first. In the future, as the immune system cannot quickly remove the invasion, the immune system will Gradually increase the metabolic rate until it reaches the peak of the metabolism of immune cells. "Okay, now that we have figured out the secret of TEF glycoprotein, we need to find a way to improve the therapeutic effect of 'Ibaizumab'." "Yeah! "
Dr. Zhou nodded heavily, and a smile appeared on his face.
After going around such a big circle and spending so much effort to study TEF glycoprotein, the ultimate goal is to improve the therapeutic effect of "Yibaizumab".
After a moment, he said:
"Mr. Zhang, I arrived at the company at 6 o'clock this morning. I have prepared some plan information in advance."
"You Have you finished breakfast? If you have eaten, why don’t we discuss it now? ”
“Oh? You came so early? ”
Zhang Yang was slightly stunned, and then continued: "I've had breakfast, let's start discussing now." "Okay."
Two minutes later ,
Zhang Yang, Dr. Zhou, Wei Tian and two core group leaders of the project team came to a small conference room.
Without any preparation, Dr. Zhou took the lead: "Mr. Zhang, we have confirmed that TFE glycoprotein is produced in large quantities after the human body has an acute rejection reaction!"
"More To be precise, it is because the metabolism rate of immune cells D8+ T cells has been greatly increased and then generated in large quantities. "
"So, the key point of the problem is to find ways to improve the immune cells D8+T in the patient's body The metabolism rate of cells makes them secrete TEF glycoprotein in large quantities! "
"I have consulted some information. The mainstream method in the medical field is to inject low-dose 'alloy T cells' into patients' bodies to activate the human body Acute rejection reaction! ”
Allogeneic T cells.
Zhang Yang nodded slightly.
It's like a vaccine.
Vaccines are caused by injecting low-toxic strains of virus into the human body, so that the immune system remembers to produce antibodies.
Injecting allogeneic T cells means that the immune system recognizes foreign body invasion and activates emergency rejection reactions!
but.
Jang Yang's thoughts just passed by, and Dr. Zhou's voice continued to come.
"It's just that this method will have some side effects. I won't talk about the common side effects such as low fever and endocrine abnormalities.
What I worry most is that there are data records, injecting 'allomaly T' After the cell, due to the long-term activation of the 'acute rejection' in the body, immune cells in emergency states may cause damage to human organs! "
"In particular, most of our patients have undergone bone marrow transplant surgery , I am worried that the probability of this side effect will be extra magnified in our patients!
It will attack our patients' bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, and eventually cause bone marrow hematopoietic failure! "
Zhang Yang took the information handed over by Dr. Zhou and frowned.
Twenty minutes later, the discussion ended.
Dr. Zhou's worries It is indeed necessary, but the most mainstream and relatively safe way to activate the "acute rejection reaction" in the medical field is the only one -
Inject allogeneic T cells!
"The two pests are more mild. Start injecting patients with allogeneic 'T cells' and start trying!"
"Just...it is especially important to monitor side effects!"
"Okay! ”
(This chapter ends)