Chapter 522 Wave Dynamics! Shocking the academic community! The wave-particle battle reappears! Who is the orthodox of quantum mechanics?
After receiving recognition from Professor Bruce and Professor Planck, Schrödinger was overwhelmed with confidence.
Although his wave dynamics are essentially different from matrix mechanics, they can deduce the old quantum theory.
The two have different paths and the same destination.
This must contain profound truths.
Schrödinger can't wait to publish his paper, allowing the physics community to judge.
July 20, 1923.
A paper titled "Quantization is the Problem of Eigenvalue" was published in the journal Nature.
The article combines matter wave theory and classical fluctuation to obtain the wave equation of the microscopic particle system.
Through this equation, many conclusions of the old quantum theory can also be derived.
As soon as the paper was released, the physics community was sensation!
No one expected that after Heisenberg's matrix mechanics, there was a completely new theory that could replace the old quantum theory.
This is really incredible!
There is a second version of quantum mechanics?
"Oh, God!"
"Can the theory of matter wave still be applied like this?"
"This is definitely a genius' idea!"
"Two completely different theories can actually explain the same one logically and accurately Question! ”
“It seems like this has never happened in the physics community? ”
“Is this the magic of quantum mechanics? ”
"Will there be a third version in the future?"
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Not long after the paper was published, the theory of wave equations was named wave dynamics.
Because matrix mechanics is the first, this quantum theory based on fluctuation is of course wave dynamics.
Wave dynamics and matrix mechanics shine together on two days, which has a sense of competition.
When everyone followed the author's information, they all took a breath of air and were extremely surprised.
"Hiss!"
"The author actually comes from the Institute of Quantum Research!"
"Oh my god! The Institute of Quantum Research is to take care of everything about quantum mechanics. "
"Who is Schrödinger? Why haven't you heard of this name before?"
Someone explained: "Dr. Schrödinger is the first researcher recruited by Professor Bruce after he built the Quantum Institute." "He is now the head of science at the Quantum Institute." >
Wow!
Everyone was shocked!
Following Professor Bruce, it’s not about drinking soup, but about eating meat in big mouthfuls.
Many people envy it.
First it was Heisenberg, then Schrödinger.
The Institute of Quantum Research is indeed a holy place in the hearts of quantum researchers.
This strength and foundation make other institutions far beyond the reach.
Now that wave dynamics and matrix force emerge, it instantly brings quantum mechanics to a new realm.
Ordinary scholars can only appreciate and envy wave dynamics with the mentality of watching the show.
They only know that wave dynamics is the new version of quantum mechanics.
As for where the awesomeness is, I don’t know.
After all, most people can't even understand the papers on matrix mechanics.
How can we distinguish the differences and advantages and disadvantages of the two in depth and accurately?
But for the physics masters, the shock brought to them by wave dynamics is too great! "Incredible, really incredible!" "Thinking of electrons as fluctuations can even reshape the old quantum theory." "And the fluctuation equation is easy to calculate. ”
"It is a second-order partial differential equation."
"I would rather calculate a hundred differential equations than a matrix."
The physicists were very happy, and they finally You can get rid of the nightmare of the matrix.
That thing is not something humans should count at all.
It's a waste of time.
Wave dynamics are so delicious!
Everyone can use it easily.
But soon, they had a premonition that perhaps a storm in the field of physics would come!
"The physical infrastructure of matrix mechanics and wave dynamics is very different."
"So, who is the orthodox of quantum mechanics?"
For a time, there were many different opinions.
Even the two factions have begun to have their own fans.
They spared no effort to find out the shortcomings and errors of the other party's faction, and at the same time verify the correctness of their support theory.
Quantum mechanics has become the hottest topic in the field of physics at present, far beyond any other direction.
Everyone is waiting for how things will develop.
——
University of Göttingen, Germany.
Heisenberg's tour continues.
He was invited by almost all the well-known universities in Germany.
University of Munich, University of Göttingen, University of Berlin.
His name is synonymous with genius.
Because Heisenberg is German.
His achievements prove that even though Germany suffered trauma, it still dominated the academic field.
Germany is a great nation.
Heisenberg is a young man, and an extremely passionate young man.
He has a strong sense of national pride.
So, he took his speeches at universities in Germany seriously and spared no effort to promote matrix mechanics.
He wants to put the German physics community at the forefront of quantum mechanics research.
Let the glory of Germany shine on the field of science.
"I dare not say that I surpass the Institute of Quantum Research, but I must be just below it."
At this moment, the Department of Physics, University of Göttingen.
Heisenberg almost fainted after learning about Schrödinger's wave dynamics paper.
He has never hated someone so much!
"This is for scientific research!"
"Electronics only have partial properties of waves, but they are essentially particles."
"Schrödinger's wave dynamics is playing a mysterious math game!"
"It's nonsense, it's ridiculously wrong!"
Heisenberg paced back and forth in anger, constantly criticizing it in his mouth. wave dynamics.
He thought it was Schrödinger's envy and hatred, and deliberately created something opposite to matrix mechanics.
After all, Schrödinger did not give the derivation process of the wave equation in his paper.
It appears out of thin air.
This just gave Heisenberg a handle to question.
The physics community cannot tolerate a false formula!
Boen, the director of the physics department, and his friend Professor Frank, looked at each other.
They both of them will not comfort others.
Frank and G. Hertz became famous because they used experiments to prove the correctness of the Bohr model. (Chapter 276)
But later, the two embarked on completely different paths, one in industry and the other in academic circles.
G Hertz is now head of the Innovation Lab of Philips, the Netherlands.
This laboratory was originally built at the suggestion of Li Qiwei.
So, as the nephew of the famous Hertz, G Hertz does not feel that this identity has insulted him.
At the invitation of Born, Frank came to the University of Göttingen to serve as a professor of physics.
In real history, he later left Germany like many people and built a nuclear reactor with Fermi, Compton and others.
There is also a very widely circulated story about Frank.
He and G Hertz won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1925 for discovering the law of electron collision.
When the Nazis came to power, Germany plundered all resources for the war.
Gold is the top priority and is all monopolized. Frank knew that he could not keep the Nobel Prize medal in the gold system, and he was persecuted because of his Jewish identity.
He had no choice but to escape from Germany with the medal.
At that time, many scientists would choose to escape to the Bohr Institute in Denmark.
It is almost the base camp for escape scientists.
Frank is no exception.
But he never expected that Germany would soon invade Denmark and officially take over.
Frank was anxious and had to continue escaping immediately, but if he had to carry a medal, he wouldn't be able to leave without thinking.
At the critical moment, Hungarian chemist DeHavesi came up with a wonderful idea.
"I can prepare a solution of water roe and melt this medal."
"The German army will definitely not discover the secret."
No mistakes, one poem, one content, one in 6, one book, one bar, one read! "I'll find a way to recover after they leave."
This Dehewessi was a student of Rutherford. (Chapter 215)
So, his hands-on ability is extremely solid.
In a very short time, he made the terrifying aqua regia according to the method of concentrated hydrochloric acid: concentrated nitric acid = 3:1.
It is very acidic and can melt even gold.
In a very short time, the aquarium turned into an orange-yellow liquid, which looked very scary.
People without chemistry will never dare to touch it with their hands.
Sure enough, the German army soon broke into Bohr's laboratory.
They rumored through the cabinets, but they couldn't find the medal mentioned in the information.
As for the bottle of aqua regia that melted the medal, in their eyes, it was an ordinary chemical reagent.
And it looks scary.
In the end, I can only give up.
After the Germans left, Deheweisi carefully took out the aqua regia solution and preserved it.
After World War II, Deheweisi restored the Nobel Prize medal to gold.
He sent the gold to the Swedish Nobel Prize Committee and explained the reason.
After learning about this story, the Nobel Prize Committee was deeply moved and used this gold to recreate new medals and return them to their original owners.
Dhewessi himself later won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1943.
This is the story of scientists fighting wits and courage with the Nazis during World War II.
Full of legendary colors.
When now, Frank has not won his golden medal.
Faced with a peerless genius like Heisenberg, he dared not take advantage of it and could only regard the other party as a little brother.
He smiled and said: "Heisenberg, your matrix mechanics is fully verified, which is your advantage."
"While wave dynamics are too extreme, Schrödinger gave up on the particle nature of electrons, I think this is a bit inappropriate."
"Hisen will definitely encounter problems in his theory."
Hisen When Bao heard this, he felt much better.
After all, I understand.
Wave dynamics is the dross, and its matrix mechanics is the orthodox.
At this time, Frank looked at Born, meaning you would like to praise this kid.
Boen said nothing, just smoked.
He didn't know what to say.
Because he has solved some problems with wave dynamics in private.
The advantages of wave dynamics are too great compared to matrix mechanics.
The computing efficiency has been improved many times.
Boen even planned to rewrite his paper with wave dynamics.
In other words, he became a traitor to the Heisenberg faction.
At this moment, he could only change the topic, suddenly sighed and said: "A few years ago, Professor Bruce just ended the wave-particle battle."
"I didn't expect that now he has started the wave-particle battle in quantum mechanics with his own hands."
Wow!
Frank was shocked when he heard this.
Yes, wave dynamics and matrix mechanics are now quarrel.
Everyone says that they are the orthodox of quantum mechanics.
But from ancient times to the present, one mountain cannot accommodate two tigers.
There can only be one orthodox!
So the two factions will inevitably have a fierce debate.
But the dramatic thing is that Heisenberg and Schrödinger come from the same source.
They both completed their respective theories under the guidance of Professor Bruce.
This makes the situation a little awkward.
This is like the brothers in the sect killing each other!
Frank sincerely admired: "Professor Bruce is so legendary."
"I really can't imagine how he could have taught two completely opposite theories? ? ”
"Did he be confused by himself?"
Frank and Born thought a lot.
But Heisenberg is much simpler and more crude.
He doesn't care about his own and different subjects.
"My matrix mechanics is undisputed orthodoxy!"
Heisenberg knew in his heart that Professor Bruce’s teaching philosophy is to have teaching but not distinguish between teaching.
He does not require everyone to study according to the same scientific thinking.
Everyone is different.
Science develops in different comparisons, not sinks in the same thoughts.
So, Heisenberg must be divided into two parts.
Although Boss Xue has a good reputation in the research institute, he will not be polite when it comes to the dispute over Taoism.
——
As time fermented, everyone couldn't help but sigh that the advantages of wave dynamics were getting bigger and bigger.
Especially physicists who study quantum theory are almost about to turn to wave dynamics.
They will no longer need to learn complex matrices.
When everyone was having a meeting, they were discussing issues based on wave dynamics.
This made Heisenberg feel a great sense of frustration.
But he had no choice, he couldn't control what theories others used.
Schrödinger ushered in his own spring.
Now he is full of energy and has become the real boss Xue.
Whenever someone refutes his theory, he will humbly say: "My theory has been evaluated by Professor Bruce."
In just one sentence, the person who refutes it directly Suddenly he was speechless.
No matter how awesome they are, can they still surpass Professor Bruce?
But Schrödinger knew very well in his heart that the contradiction between wave dynamics and matrix mechanics was completely irreconcilable.
The basis of matrix mechanics is particles, which emphasizes the intermittent nature of particles and believes that electrons will transition between orbits.
But the basis of wave dynamics is waves, which denies the transition of electrons and believes that electrons change continuously between orbits in the form of waves.
The contradiction between the two is about the essence of the world.
So, what is the essence of the world like?
The physics community is very lively due to the dispute between matrix mechanics and wave dynamics.
The older generation, middle-aged generation, and younger generation of physicists all developed great interest in quantum mechanics.
Because everyone has a strong premonition and intuition.
This battle between Taoism may completely lay the foundation and perfect quantum mechanics, making it a perfect theory like the theory of relativity.
At that time, the two pillars of modern physics will all be formed!
Physics has ushered in its third glory after Newton and Maxwell!
What a prosperous era that would it be!
So, quantum mechanics is attracting more and more attention from everyone.
(This chapter ends)