Chapter 530 Einstein takes action! The winning matrix! The remnants of the old era are also the kings of the old era!
Amid the eyes of everyone, Einstein walked to the front of the stage.
He and Schrödinger looked at each other and smiled, everything was silent.
In the eyes of others, he is now considered a matrix school.
But Einstein didn't feel that he had a camp division.
However, on this occasion, there is no need to clearly distinguish it.
The main focus of the big guys is always the theory itself!
He believes that matrix mechanics and wave dynamics are both very good theories and should be unified.
Lao Ai has been a little addicted to unification recently.
Soon, Einstein said:
"First is the first question."
"I would like to ask everyone to examine the premise of the birth of matrix mechanics again."
"Professor Bruce once said that electronic orbits are invisible, so we cannot easily assume that they exist."
"But we should start with practically observable physical quantities and establish a new theoretical framework."
"Matrix mechanics was born under this idea."
"At the beginning, I thought this idea was fine."
"But recently, I had a question."
"I think it is the existing theory that determines what we can see."
"We cannot see the orbits of electrons because the current theory determines that we cannot see."
"But this does not prevent the atomic orbits from actually existing."
"It's like before Levinhoek made a clear microscope, we couldn't see the cells, but the cells were real."
"There is a similar situation for electron orbits."
"Wave dynamics allows us to imagine the picture of electron movement."
"So is it possible in the future? There is another newer theory that can directly describe electron orbits?"
"That theory is like a microscope, helping us observe real electron orbits."
Wow!
Einstein's problem shocked everyone!
The angle is so novel!
The most important thing is that he is fighting against Professor Bruce!
"Is this the courage of the old era's big guys? It's so powerful!"
"Professor Einstein and Professor Bruce are brothers and sisters, and they are truly in love and fight each other."
"But his problem is indeed very reasonable."
"It is the theory that determines the accuracy of our observation methods."
"If there is a problem in the foundation of matrix mechanics, then."
In real history, Einstein and others finally came up with a [hidden variable theory].
The core idea is that quantum mechanics is incomplete and there are still some hidden variables that have not been discovered.
So, it shows all kinds of incredible phenomena.
For example, in view of the famous uncertainty principle, the hidden variable theory refutes that there are deeper reasons for the velocity and position of particles.
The hidden variable theory is indeed a bit sloppy.
Any theories that do not conform to the Einsteinian views can be questioned using hidden variables.
"You think it's magical because there are hidden variables that have not been discovered."
The Copenhagen School was speechless.
Fortunately, the hidden variable theory was later falsified through the Bell inequality.
Now, Einstein's question has actually already had the germination of hidden variable ideas.
He believes that invisible is not really invisible, but now that the theory has not yet developed to that point.
This is not easy to refute!
Schrödinger looked excited when he heard this!
There is no vain under the reputation!
Professor Einstein is indeed the same as rumored.
He is one of the strongest geniuses under Professor Bruce!
Many people even speculate that if Professor Bruce had not been published by Einstein, perhaps Guangxiang would have been published by Einstein.
However, this statement was not recognized by the big guys.
"In this world, only Bruce Lee can propose general relativity."
"There is no era, only the era of Bruce!"
At this moment, everyone in the venue looked at Li Qiwei.
Professor Einstein openly questioned the theoretical foundation of matrix mechanics.
How does Professor Bruce respond?
However, Li Qiwei just smiled lightly and said casually: "Listen to Heisenberg."
Everyone smiled knowingly.
At this time, Heisenberg felt a little pressure.
These old monsters in physics really cannot be taken lightly.
Their thoughts are indeed not as active as young people, but they are deeper than young people.
"Professor Einstein, I do not agree with your point of view."
"Because it does not conform to the practice of research and development in physics."
"Starting from Newtonian mechanics, the thinking framework for physicists to study problems is: discovering phenomena - summarizing laws - proposing theory - experimental verification."
"The first step is both the beginning and the most critical."
"Take Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic induction phenomenon in electromagnetic science as an example."
"Is he able to directly bypass the concepts such as current and magnetic fields and directly discover the existence of electrons?"
"Definitely not possible!"
"
"Because in his environment at that time, the parameters he could detect were observable quantities such as current, magnetic field, motion, etc.."
"Electronics are unobservable quantities."
"Of course, the example I mentioned may just verify Professor Einstein's point of view."
"However, the point I want to express is that Faraday's thinking is the most correct way of researching problems."
"As for the discovery of electrons, it is because of the development and iteration of physics."
"If there are no electrons in the end, the electromagnetic induction theory will still be correct."
"Because it is based on the theory of our actual observations, the conclusions drawn must also meet the results under real conditions."
"The establishment concept of matrix mechanics is the same as the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction discovered by Faraday."
"As for whether there are any such things as [discovering electrons] in quantum mechanics in the future, it is another question."
"But I think, even if there is, my matrix mechanics will not be wrong, it just needs optimization."
pretty!
The explanation is beautiful!
Even Li Qiwei couldn't help but like it.
Einstein's hidden variable idea is focused on the future.
This is no way to easily refute.
Therefore, Heisenberg did the opposite and told the present.
From the orthodox view of scientific research, Heisenberg's logic is correct and effective.
This time, Heisenberg was not afraid of danger and resolved Einstein's attack.
Somofe, Born and others nodded with a smile.
They felt that the little guy from Heisenberg seemed to have grown up suddenly.
Even my way of thinking began to have the demeanor of a master.
People sighed in their hearts: "The Institute of Quantum Research is really a training for people!"
"Scrap iron becomes real gold when it comes in."
"Oh, no, scrap iron cannot be entered at all, they are real gold."
"It's a place that specializes in cultivating and reshaping real gold."
Einstein nodded with a smile.
His first question actually has no correct answer.
And it itself does not pose a threat to matrix mechanics.
It mainly attacks the idea of establishing theory.
When it comes to Einstein's position, physics research is no longer simply doing experiments or writing formulas.
The thoughts behind them are more important.
Heisenberg's answer just came to the point.
So, he was very satisfied.
He saw the shadow of Bruce from the other person.
Sharp, flexible, smart and passionate.
The only shortcoming point is that it lacks a domineering spirit and cannot see the true body of the martial soul behind it. At this time, Einstein continued: "Okay." "Now, I want to ask the second question."
"The basis of matrix mechanics is particles. It emphasizes the intermittent nature of particles, and electrons will jump."
"But in the Wilson Cloud Room experiment, electrons can show an accurate, visible, and continuous trajectory."
"But according to matrix mechanics, this trajectory should be interrupted and incomplete."
"How to explain this?"
Wow!
After hearing this, Heisenberg was stunned for a moment!
He is now like Schrödinger who just finished listening to the Bohr issue.
Einstein got a final kill!
The other party used experimental facts to find loopholes in matrix mechanics.
This is the most terrible question.
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Because the experimental data will not lie.
Einstein even put a few photos intimately while Heisenberg was sluggish.
"Please look, this is the trajectory of electrons in the cloud chamber."
"It is obvious that they are continuous traces, not interrupted movement."
Schrödinger was stunned by the side.
Is this the genius of the same era as Professor Bruce?
It turns out to be so scary!
Professor Bohr ended the fluctuation with one blow.
Now, Professor Einstein is doing the same.
With a slight move, the happyest Heisenberg ruthlessly suppressed the happy Heisenberg!
Matrix mechanics also have fatal flaws!
Wave dynamics and matrix mechanics are equally matched!
Pauli, De Broglie, Wu Youxun and others were all shocked.
They think this era is a brand new era.
It is an era for them, the young and peerless geniuses.
But just now Bohr and Einstein's move shattered their dreams.
"The remnants of the old era are also the kings of the old era!"
Rutherford looked at the photo and nodded slightly.
He can prove authoritatively that the above experimental results are real data.
He did not expect that Wilson's cloud chamber could still shine in the stage of quantum mechanics. "If Wilson knew the news, he would be very happy." At this moment, the atmosphere on the court reached a climax.
Lorentz's face was full of smiles.
This exciting and exciting scene is the host's favorite state.
"The two sides of the debate are evenly matched."
"A variety of wonderful ideas and achievements are displayed one after another."
"Quantum mechanics will surely develop vigorously after today."
"This is the true meaning of the conference!"
In real history, Einstein's cloud chamber trajectory problem has plagued Heisenberg for a long time.
It was not until late one night that Heisenberg had an idea and finally came up with the answer.
The most important thing is that based on this answer, he continued to think deeply and put forward the famous principle of uncertainty.
This is really a blessing.
At the same time, it also reflects that in the field of physics, good questions are sometimes more important than answers.
So, if you want to become a big shot, you must learn to ask questions.
But now, it is impossible for Heisenberg to come up with the answer.
After everyone's discussion, five minutes later, he still couldn't explain.
He was in a state of uneasy now, his face turned red, and his brain had stopped thinking.
However, the more anxious you are, the less you can't think of it.
In the end, he could only announce his surrender helplessly.
However, with Schrödinger's example in the front, Heisenberg did not have much pressure.
If he were the first to admit defeat, he would probably drive him crazy.
Heisenberg's psychological tolerance is too poor.
Seeing this scene, Lorentz smiled and said to everyone:
"Is there anyone else who can answer Professor Einstein's question?"
No one responded.
Lorentz smiled and quipped: "Where are you in Pauli?"
"Don't you want to say something?"
"I think you were very brave just now."
Pauli became embarrassed when he heard this.
Although he is reckless, he is not stupid.
I don’t know, but I don’t know. Scientists can’t brag. "Well, professor, I'm still thinking."
Everyone smiled.
At this time, Lorentz continued: "It seems that today's theory will be completely deadlocked." "Wave dynamics cannot explain the problem of separate orbits proposed by Professor Bohr." "Matrix mechanics cannot explain the problem of cloud chamber trajectory proposed by Professor Einstein." "At present, both theories have their own shortcomings."
"However, the report of Schrödinger and Heisenberg just now is very valuable."
"Their results show that both theories can solve real problems well and even predict unknown phenomena."
"Compared with their shortcomings, perhaps what theories can do is more worthy of attention and research."
"So, how to correctly understand and evaluate wave dynamics and matrix mechanics is the top priority in the future."
Lorentz's summary made everyone nod silently.
After the debate just now, everyone has a completely new understanding of the two forms of quantum mechanics.
There cannot be roughly distinguished between matrix mechanics and wave dynamics using simple right and wrong.
From the current real situation, both of them are very good theories that can explain most of the problems in quantum theory.
As for the question, which theory was perfect when it was first born?
So, the big guys can accept it for the time being.
Physical theories do not represent truth.
It is just a simulation and approximation of truth.
So, it is very important to be useful.
However, there is one problem that cannot be avoided no matter what.
Since both matrix mechanics and wave dynamics are useful.
Then who should I use?
You can't really give up matrix mechanics just because wave dynamics are simple.
The big guys present would definitely not be like this.
Although they use wave dynamics more in their daily research, this is not a reason to give up matrix mechanics.
So, there must be a statement to end this contradiction.
At this time, Lorentz looked at everyone.
His eyes swept across everyone in turn.
Suddenly, he paused on Li Qiwei for a moment.
"Is it really my illusion?"
"But today's Blues is indeed a bit abnormally quiet."
Then, Lorentz said loudly: "If everyone has no problem, then we will have a short rest." "After lunch, continue the free group discussion in the afternoon."
Just when everyone thought the discussion was over.
Suddenly!
A sound that seemed to come from the nine heavens roared, shocking the soul!
"Slow!"
(This chapter ends)