Lin Wanqiu was shocked: "Xiaomiao, are you a big expert?"
"No," Mai Xiaomiao waved her hands repeatedly: "We are just going to play. I am responsible for bargaining. The elbow is commanding behind my back, which is so exciting."
"You have stimulated me too." Lin Wanqiu was a little confused about whether to cry or laugh: "That dish is the only one that can communicate outside at present. Even before the big willow tree picked it out, everyone thought it was a fake."
"Because that base is only preserved in the Palace Museum in Liaoning Province, and it has never attracted attention, so that everyone knows that there are very few such shapes in the Yongzheng official kiln."
"By the way, Elbow likes to say, 'Going up the mountain to hunt birds, you will get a difference'. Shouldn't you also get a difference in this dish?"
Mai Xiaomiao said embarrassedly, "It's useless to hold it. I've also given all the things I bought that time, including Mr. Wang, Mr. Yuan, Mr. Qi, and the fourth cousin of Elbow, I gave him all the things I gave me."
"Ah..." Lin Wanqiu was speechless: "What did Mr. Wang give you?"
"I gave you a beautiful little incense burner." Mai Xiaomiao said. "Eh? The old man's stove was given elbows before... No, the old man gave you the Li Chengde bowl furnace?!" "I can't remember it before, but it seems to be a bowl furnace, because the old man said I am a doctor, and the bowl furnace was just right for the doctor." Mai Xiaomiao also reached out and compared it to the size: "So big, the elbow often uses it to teach me seal script now."
"Teaching you to write seal script, this stove will be in his hands..." Lin Wanqiu sighed: "Xiaomiao, you are so easy to coax. In addition, your heart is too big!"
When the coffee and biscuits were brought over, Zhou Zhi was introducing the knowledge of porcelain to Li Laoer and Li Laosan.
Of course today's theme is returnee porcelain.
"There is no doubt that among the cultural relics, porcelain is the largest. After all, the word China represents both China and porcelain, but it is not called in vain."
"But therefore, I think that the leakage of Chinese porcelain in the overseas antique market can be picked up randomly, which is also a huge misunderstanding..."
"Wait!" Li Lao Er stopped doing it: "Why did I hear Wanqiu pick up a bunch of big leaks in the United States? She also told her that she should go abroad more often. The leaks abroad are as many big willow trees as Panjiayuan?" "It depends on who it is." Lin Wanqiu said and put down the plate: "For people who have the ability to appreciate elbows, of course there are big leaks everywhere, but for you, it's better not to take action." "Yes! That's right!" Mai Xiaomiao said: "I've visited the big willow trees with elbows once. I've been to the big willow trees with elbows once. , there are a wide range of things inside, but elbow said that one hundred people can do it, and the remaining 99% are worthless, and it is even a deceptive thing."
"The Qing Sandai snuff bottle and Yongzheng rouge purple Laifu plate must be removed. "Lin Wanqiu shook his head: "When you have been there, less than one percent will be here." Zhou Zhi said: "This returnee porcelain actually refers to porcelain sold from home and abroad, and finally returned through various channels."
"But these porcelains are actually of varying quality. The commercial behavior of China's exported porcelain actually began to flourish in the Song and Yuan dynasties. Before the Tang Dynasty, China's own porcelain did not pass the test, let alone export?"
"So although there was a record of the export of Chinese ceramics since the Han Dynasty, it was not organized and large-scale commercial activities. It was not until porcelain experienced the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties and reached its first peak in the Song Dynasty that exported it began to flourish."
"Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, China's main types of porcelain exported to foreign countries were Longquan celadon, Jingdezhen Qing, Qing, Jingdezhen White porcelain, blue and white porcelain, underglaze red porcelain, underglaze black color porcelain, Jizhou kiln porcelain, Ganzhou kiln porcelain, some kilns produced in Fujian and Guangdong, Jiankang black porcelain, Zhejiang Jinhua Tiedian Kiln imitation Jun glaze porcelain, Cizhou kiln porcelain, Ding kiln porcelain, Yaozhou kiln porcelain, etc. "
"For example, Xin'an undersea shipwrecked, there were more than 20,000 pieces of porcelain carried by a ship."
"In the more than 200 years from the middle and late Ming dynasties to the early Qing dynasties, it was the golden period for Chinese porcelain to export. The exported porcelains were mainly Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain, color porcelain, Guangdong Shiwan porcelain, Fujian Dehua white porcelain and blue and white porcelain, Anxi blue and white porcelain, etc. "
"A more exquisite export porcelain product appeared during this period - Dingyao porcelain. Its shape and decorative patterns were mostly Western colors. Some were painted with family, company, group, city and other patterns in the decoration, called heraldic porcelain."
"The number of export porcelains during this period was very large. Experts estimated that the annual output of about 200,000 pieces in the 17th century, and the maximum output of about one million pieces in the 18th century."
"In addition to the Korean Peninsula and island countries closer to China, and Southeast Asia, it also reached Africa, Europe and the United States."
"At that time, there were two routes. One was to travel west from the coastal ports of Fujian and Guangdong in China to Africa, then bypass the Cape of Good Hope, and sail along the west coast of Africa to the Western European countries; the other was to travel from Zhangzhou and Xiamen in Fujian to Manila in the Philippines, then cross the Pacific Ocean to the port of Acapulco in Mexico, go ashore and then travel on land, pass Mexico City to the port of Atlantic coast Port Veracruz, and then board the ship to the Western European countries."
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"This also formed a very interesting cultural exchange phenomenon, such as the birth of blue and white porcelain. An important factor was that Western merchants brought Su Maliqing to China for custom-made fireworks, and many of the patterns they required were later inherited and carried forward by the Chinese and eventually became traditional patterns of Chinese porcelain. For example, the famous tangled lotus pattern, passion fruit pattern, etc. "
" Some interesting historical events occurred in the middle, such as in 1602, East India, Netherlands, and the Netherlands. The company's armed merchant ship intercepted a Portuguese merchant ship on the coast of Africa, full of Chinese porcelain. When these precious porcelains arrived in Amsterdam and were auctioned, the whole of Europe was thrilled. This was the first time that the Western world has seen Chinese porcelain of this size, which triggered a competition for purchases including the Dutch, King Henry IV of France and King James I of England. "
"The captured Portuguese cargo ship was named the Clark, so this kind of Chinese-made one was produced. Thin blue and white porcelain absorbs Western style. At the edge of the plate, six to twelve pieces are cleverly divided into lotus petals or fan-shaped frames. The porcelain filled with colorful patterns such as miscellaneous treasures, flowers, landscapes, and figures was named 'Clark porcelain'. "
"This novel design, although the pattern adopts traditional Chinese painting, has broken away from the traditional Chinese style and incorporates more exotic elements. It is obviously a product specially customized for overseas markets. Since entering the European market, it has been loved and has become an important commodity sold to Europe by China from the middle and late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. "
"When it was the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty in China, the Ion-chen Rebellion of Toyotomi Hideyoshi brought many Korean porcelain workers to the island country, and imitated blue and white porcelains that imitated Clark porcelain in the island country, called "Hydrange Hand". After the Ming Dynasty implemented the sea ban, Hidrange Hand porcelain once replaced the export of domestic Clark porcelain. "
"Since most of these porcelains are transported to all parts of Japan through Imari Port, they are called Imari porcelain or Feiqian porcelain, and have gradually developed diversified varieties such as blue and white porcelain and color-painted porcelain." (End of this chapter)