"This situation continued until the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi. During this period, the Rococo style was popular in Europe, characterized by gorgeous and sweet colors and complex and exquisite decoration. The "Kasuyoumon style" of Imari porcelain just caters to this aesthetic trend. This style of underglaze blue and white, overglaze red and gold painted has a deep connection with the "Tianqi Red Painting" porcelain that was popular in the late Ming Dynasty."
"The Qing government pacified the coastal resistance forces in the Qing Dynasty. Later, the southeastern sea border gradually returned to tranquility. In the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi ordered the reconstruction of Jingdezhen Kiln. The following year, the maritime ban was lifted and the 'Sea Expo Order' was issued, and the porcelain trade with overseas world was reopened. "
" Jingde began to learn from the popular Imali style at that time, and made porcelain with traditional Chinese patterns through technologies such as underglaze blue and white, overglaze alum red, real gold drawing gold, and successfully entered the overseas market, thus opening up the relationship with Japan's Imali The prelude to competition. It is called 'Imali China'." "
"Since 1723, the key foreign trade has begun to shift to Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Province has begun to produce Imali-style porcelain on a large scale. Because the color materials of Japanese porcelain, especially cobalt materials, mainly rely on China's imports, and the price fluctuates, the firing cost is higher than that of China. Therefore, the price of Japanese Imali porcelain is difficult to reduce, and thus gradually loses its power under the strong competition of Imali China. In 1757, with the end of the official trade between Japan and the East India Company, the export of Imali porcelain to Europe came to an end. "
"Almost at the same time, China also stopped imitating Imali porcelain, but the trend returned. The Imali style remained long-lasting in the Western world and became a decorative theme that is constantly sought after. The famous European porcelain brands have imitated Imali porcelain in different historical periods."
"And the Thirteen Lines, which use Guangzhou porcelain as the main export product, began to use domestic pastels and even enamels to imitate palace porcelain for export."
"When the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, due to the turmoil in the current situation and the extreme belittlement of domestic elite national culture, a large number of cultural relics were lost overseas. Under the conflict between self-cultural denial and the wanton rampant force of the great powers, the loss of cultural relics could even be regarded as a small wave."
"Among the cultural relics lost overseas, exquisite and practical value porcelain was an absolute chunk."
"This loss reached its peak before the founding of New China."
"After the founding of the country, the Prime Minister personally arrested the Jingde antique porcelain project. At that time, many fine antique porcelain products were made, and some Qing Dynasty porcelains were used for export."
"After the founding of the country, the Prime Minister personally arrested the Jingde antique porcelain project. At that time, many fine antique porcelain products were made, and some Qing Dynasty porcelains were used for export."
"After the reform and opening, the National Cultural Relics General Store allocated a large number of Qing Dynasty porcelain to cultural relic stores in various places for market exchanges, mainly for export and foreign exchange. During this period, Jingde fine porcelain manufacturing project was restarted again. This time, the main imitation of Ming and Qing blue and white, blue and white underglaze red, and the three Qing dynasties enamel, pastel, monochrome porcelain and other processes were also exported to overseas markets."
"The purpose of Zhangzi said so much is to tell everyone that overseas Chinese porcelain began to flow out from the Song and Yuan dynasties. This situation continued until the 1980s, with mixed quality and uneven quality. The test of eyesight was actually more complicated than in China." Lin Wanqiu smiled and said, "If you don't have the knowledge of this entire system, it's best not to try it easily."
>"These exported porcelains are actually mainly two dimensions," Zhou Zhi smiled and said, "One is the distinction between the official kilns and the other is the distinction between genuine imitations."
"But this is just a big line." Lin Wanqiu immediately continued, "For example, the official kiln porcelain is filled with a large number of imitations, such as typical sustenance porcelains, which were made by the official kilns in the Ming and Qing dynasties in the previous dynasties."
"And there are also many genuine products in the folk kilns, such as some famous hall-name porcelains, which are as exquisite." "And later, many porcelain kilns even imitate them all, making these two dimensions intertwined in a large number of porcelains, which are difficult to identify and require quite strong professional knowledge."
Zhou Zhi smiled and said, "But you don't need these knowledge, second and third brothers, you don't need money, you don't look down on anything that's worse. You just need to buy them at a reputable auction. If you're really worried, you can hire two reliable art consultants to solve the problem."
"Sister Wanqiu, this collection is of high quality. These pieces of blue and white porcelain from the blank period are all fine products. This house is really heavy."
"Lily Palace, Aval family. Have you heard of elbows?"
Zhou Zhi shook his head: "I don't know the Western collector family at all."
"Spain achieved unity at the end of the fifteenth century. With the gradual growth of the Spanish royal power, the Duke of Alva family also grew. The Palace of Lyria was built by the Third Duke, which means 'purity', which is generally translated as the Palace of Lily in Chinese."
"The discovery of the New World opened the prelude to Spain's expansion of territory. Spain in the 16th century once became the most powerful country in Europe, and was the earliest empire called 'the sun never set'. This ushered in the most prosperous 'golden age' in the history of the country, and literature, art, various academic research and philosophy all achieved unprecedented development at this time. "
"The collection of the Aval family began at that time and lasted until the 19th century. However, during the Spanish Civil War, the Palace of Lily was severely damaged, leaving only the exterior part. Fortunately, most of the collection was transported to the Prado Museum, the British Embassy, and the Spanish The 17th Duke of Alva began to organize the reconstruction of the Lily Palace, which was finally completed by his daughter, the 18th Duke of Alva. "
"This life can also be called a love idol drama. She is the goddess in the minds of thousands of men, and she experienced three marriages in her life. The most eye-catching one is the third marriage. The Duke of 85 is in love with a man twenty-four years younger than him. In the end, despite the opposition of his family and the royal family, he resolutely gave up all his property, and obtained a 'marriage license' and flew with his sweetheart. "
"With the years of efforts of the Aval family, the Lily Palace became the most important private museum in Spain and even Europe. The collection of Columbus's navigation logs, the giant tapestry of "Mercury's Fascinated Hess", Titian's "The Last Supper", etc. are all treasures of the town."
"The Aval family now collects Western art, especially Impressionist paintings and Venetian paintings. Their attention to Eastern art is not as good as that of the first generations of dukes. Recently, they organized an auction of Oriental porcelain in their collections."
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"The earliest batch of family porcelains took the American route, from Chinese ports to Manila, Philippines, then crossed the Pacific Ocean to the port of Acapulco in Mexico, then crossed the American continent through the horses, went through Mexico City to the port of Veracruz on the Atlantic coast, and then boarded Spain where the ship arrived."
"After the 19th century, their collection of Chinese porcelain became more extensive." (End of this chapter)