Chapter 541 Position! momentum! The principle of uncertainty! Shocked out! Shocking appearance!
Cavendish Academic Salon.
The issue of wave-particle duality of light raised by Dirac has aroused heated discussions among the public.
Everyone expressed their opinions and could hear Pauli's voices from time to time, and the atmosphere was very harmonious.
Li Qiwei heard the debate between Heisenberg and others, but he did not take it to heart.
This problem can be explained using current theories.
Simply put, although a single photon has the properties of a probability wave, its random position is constrained within a certain range of the formation of an electric field and a magnetic field.
It’s like an electron moving inside an atom and not running outside the atom.
The movement of photons will not run out of the range of the electromagnetic field.
Therefore, macroscopic light is electromagnetic waves, and microscopic photons have probability wave properties, which is not contradictory.
It just requires complex mathematics for derivation and verification.
Obviously, Li Qiwei was not interested in focusing on such a simple topic.
He is thinking about something more important now.
That is how to associate the uncertainty principle that shocked the academic community from the electronic path diagram shown by Wilson.
Li Qiwei is no longer the rookie he used to be, and can only rely on the memory in his mind to be a copycat.
As he personally experienced the vast torrent of physics history and discussed with many geniuses in the world, his strength also changed drastically.
He deserves to enter the realm of the great master of physics!
He was able to re-examine the entire establishment process of quantum mechanics from the source of his thoughts.
In other words, he now dared to pat his chest confidently and said: I can do it too!
Li Qiwei closed his eyes, and various symbols flashed in his mind, and numbers danced.
Under the stimulation of residual alcohol, he entered a wonderful state.
His heart is like a boat, flowing in the crystal clear quantum river, drawing ripples.
"So that's it."
At this moment, Heisenberg kept staring at Professor Bruce, his eyes getting brighter and more excited.
It seemed as if something like a flame was burning spontaneously in my heart.
His strangeness quickly attracted everyone's attention.
"Huh?"
"What's wrong with Heisenberg? What is he looking at?"
Everyone's eyes were focused on Professor Bruce as Heisenberg's eyes.
Then, I was shocked suddenly!
Everyone thinks that Professor Bruce must be thinking about the questions raised by Dirac.
"Wow! Professor Bruce closed his eyes, there must be an answer!"
"This question is indeed very mysterious. It can actually allow him to use the strongest state."
"Wrong! Professor Bruce's strongest state is that there is a domineering and arrogant figure behind him."
"."
The young lads were all excited.
However, Dirac himself had no expression, and was still like a green lotus on a snow-capped mountain, cold and clear.
He thought his problem was not enough to let Professor Bruce take action himself.
Through the discussion just now, he has already had a rough idea.
It was just that the probability wave theory was proposed not long ago, and he was not familiar with it.
"What is Professor Bruce thinking about?"
Just then, Li Qiwei suddenly opened his eyes.
Swish!
In the proud eyes, there seemed to be a dazzling thunder flashing.
He stared forward again.
At this time, Wilson first reacted.
He was the only one present who could deeply feel the heart of Bruce.
"Bruce must have discovered something amazing!"
He looked along his sight.
"Huh?"
"Isn't that the photo of the cloud room that I didn't close just now?"
"Is there any problem?"
"Impossible!"
"I repeated the experiment three times and it is absolutely impossible to make a mistake."
But Wilson soon became a little unconfident.
He begged in his heart: Brother, please don’t mess with me.
Everyone was puzzled.
"What's the best thing about the cloud room?"
"It should have nothing to do with the questions raised by Dirac."
Heisenberg, Pauli, Dirac and others had serious expressions.
As peerless geniuses, they smelled a breath that ordinary people could not perceive!
horrible! Shocked! Deep!
Suddenly, Li Qiwei stood up in everyone's incredible eyes.
Without saying a word, he walked calmly to the blackboard in front of the conference room.
The blackboard as dark as ink is like the boundless dark starry sky, which is breathtaking.
Li Qiwei turned his back to everyone, like a lonely seeker looking up at the starry sky.
Then he picked up the chalk and explored in the starry sky.
despair!
The sound of chalk strokes resounds deep in the soul.
At this moment, everyone was shocked!
No matter how slow the person was, he realized that Professor Bruce was definitely not answering Dirac's question.
"What did he discover?"
quiet!
The conference room was silent, and the needles could be heard.
Everyone's eyes widened, holding their breath and waiting quietly.
Li Qiwei has already entered the epiphany of selflessness.
His mind and body were perfectly coordinated.
What I think in my mind turns into the formula in my pen and flows slowly.
Then, through his mouth, he unconsciously spoke, as if muttering to himself:
"In addition to leaving the trajectory of particles in the cloud chamber, it can also measure the momentum of particles."
"In the photo of the electron trajectory that Wilson just showed, there are only the motion trajectories of the electrons."
"He did not give the momentum corresponding to the electron when each position."
"I don't care why he didn't do this, but ask myself a question first."
"Can the precise motion state of microscopic particles be described in the framework of matrix mechanics?"
"In other words, through theory, can we directly predict the trajectory of particles in the cloud chamber."
"First."
Wow!
Everyone exclaimed!
Then there was doubt.
Professor Bruce is actually studying matrix mechanics!
What's the situation?
"Isn't the conference on quantum mechanics already qualitative?"
“Matrix mechanics and wave dynamics are both orthodoxes of quantum mechanics.”
"And although matrix mechanics is complex, its problems are the least, unlike wave dynamics that gave birth to the awesome theory of probability waves."
"Then why does Professor Bruce re-derive matrix mechanics?"
Some people guessed:
"Has Professor Bruce discovered a new problem?"
"He just talked about the problem of cloud chamber trajectory, as if he wanted to use matrix mechanics to theoretically calculate the motion trajectory of electrons."
"But isn't the motion of electrons controlled by probability waves? How to calculate it?"
Most people cannot understand what Professor Bruce's purpose is.
They didn't dare to disturb them, so they could only endure the curiosity in their hearts and continue to watch.
However, Heisenberg was extremely excited.
His eyes burst into light, piercing the space.
After the conference on quantum mechanics, his matrix mechanics was shelved.
What is popular now is wave dynamics.
Heisenberg must be unhappy.
But he can do nothing.
Now, Professor Bruce's actions undoubtedly add some variables.
Heisenberg had a strong premonition inside.
The content on the blackboard will have an extremely important impact on matrix mechanics.
Although nothing can be seen at the moment.
However, he had the patience and waited.
At this moment, everyone was thinking differently and quietly looked at the figure ahead.
The other party seemed to be drawing a shocking quantum space-time map.
Li Qiwei's derivation continues.
Tatta!
"The core formula of matrix mechanics is: px-xp=(ih/2π)I."
"It transforms the quantum problem into the motion of simple harmonic oscillators."
"Where p represents the momentum of the oscillator and x represents the displacement of the oscillator deviation."
"If I want to know what p and x are respectively at a certain moment, then"
"By theory, we must first calculate their respective changes, namely p and x."
"p represents the standard deviation of momentum." "x represents the standard deviation of position."
"No! No!"
"The operation of the matrix does not meet the commutation law. There is a problem here, and the multiplication sign needs to be removed."
"This formula needs to be changed."
"."
hiss!
Everyone is unaware of the harshness!
At this moment, most of the more than thirty people felt that they were reading the heavenly books.
The dazzling matrix operations on the blackboard make people vomit blood.
Even a big guy like Rutherford seemed confused.
He is an experimental physicist, and the most profound mathematical knowledge he masters is calculus.
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The formula in front of him has far exceeded his knowledge reserves.
However, Rutherford, in front of so many people, especially his own students, must not lose his momentum.
He glanced at Wilson, followed suit, gently rubbed his chin with his right hand, and made a sound from his mouth on purpose.
"Oh~"
"So that's it~"
"A very clever idea~"
Cock Raofu, Kapicha and others were full of admiration.
"Professor Rutherford is too strong!"
"Although he is an experimental physicist, he can understand such profound mathematics."
“I still have a lot to learn.”
"I can only understand half of it, roughly understand what Professor Bruce means."
"He should be trying to ask for the displacement and momentum of the electrons during movement."
However, after they understood it, they could not understand it even more.
The few people couldn't understand why Professor Bruce, who was like a god in their eyes, was considered such a "weird" question.
Yes, Cock Raofu racked his brains and finally decided to describe it as weird.
Of course, this word does not describe Professor Bruce, but the issue being studied by the other party.
"What's the calculation of this?"
This is just a mechanic deduction.
In classical physics, based on Newtonian mechanics, we can accurately calculate the momentum and displacement of an object.
For example, a wooden block with a mass of 1kg moves forward at a speed of 1m/s at a zero point position.
Then after 1s, the wooden block will appear at 1m, and its momentum is 1kg×1m/s=1kg·m/s.
This is a very simple question.
Everything in the world moves in this way.
Of course, the relativity effect is not taken into account, and there is no need for it in low-speed motion.
Now, Professor Bruce wants to calculate the displacement and momentum of electrons.
It’s not that it can’t be calculated, of course it can be calculated, but there is no need for that.
In the view of Cock Raofu and others, matrix mechanics perfectly covers all the contents of the old quantum theory and explains many important issues such as atomic structures and periodic tables of elements.
It can of course calculate the motion information of electrons.
But this is just a by-product of matrix mechanics and has no important effect.
"So what if I calculate it?"
At this moment, there are probably only a few people on the field, including Heisenberg, Dirac, Pauli, etc., who can completely keep up with Li Qiwei's pace.
Almost all of them can be understood.
But it was precisely because they understood that huge waves were stirring up in their hearts!
"What the hell is Professor Bruce doing?"
The ideas of these peerless geniuses are completely different from those of Cock Raofu and others.
They discovered a terrible thing through those matrix calculations.
"The matrix does not satisfy the nature of the commutational law, which may affect the momentum and displacement of electrons!"
Although several people don't understand what this means.
But they firmly believe that the great Professor Bruce will never simply show off his matrix computing skills because of boredom.
The momentum and displacement of electrons are definitely not that simple!
There is another world!
In Heisenberg's eyes, the light became more and more intense.
No one here knows matrix better than him, even Dirac can do it.
Those matrices that are like ghosts in the eyes of others are as friendly as children in his eyes.
"Why should this place be transposed?"
"Oh, I understand."
"This full rank decomposition is so clever!"
"Give an orthogonal matrix."
"."
Heisenberg transformed into a live commentator, and various professional terms kept popping up from his mouth.
Rutherford, Wilson and others nodded silently.
"We think so too."
Heisenberg has completely entered a state of flow.
He followed Professor Bruce's thinking closely.
He can even predict the next few calculation steps.
But precisely because he knows the most, he is shocked the most in his heart!
"If you continue to calculate this way, won't that be?"
"Hiss!"
"Impossible!"
No one understands what Heisenberg was surprised about.
Just shout 666 and it's all done.
Everyone's eyes were not blinking, and they all stared at the derivation.
Ten minutes.
Thirty minutes
One hour.
After a full hour and a half.
In the shock of everyone, Professor Bruce finally paused for the first time.
He crossed his hands in front of his chest, as if thinking about something.
"Yeah~"
At this moment, the huge activity blackboard was densely filled with formulas, which looked extremely terrifying!
Everyone was shocked.
It's obvious that it's the last moment now.
Next, Professor Bruce should have calculated the final result.
At this time, Li Qiwei suddenly said "Oh" in surprise.
"I understand!"
"A change is needed here."
"Then."
"It can be concluded based on the above formula."
"x·p≥h/4π."
"Above."
Li Qiwei breathed a sigh of relief.
The mission is done.
He said to himself:
"So that's the case."
"It's interesting."
Then, he turned his head and smiled brightly at everyone.
"Hey, look at it."
"I've finished writing."
Everyone was stunned by the shock.
After nearly 2 hours of derivation, Professor Bruce actually got such a simple formula.
This is a bit incredible and puzzling.
Most people are very confused.
"What does this formula mean?"
"How can the change in momentum be multiplied by the change in displacement?"
"I can't understand."
Wilson held it in for a long time and finally could speak without further ado.
He was about to speak and asked Bruce what the formula meant.
Sudden!
Three completely different sounds sounded at the same time.
"Impossible!"
"Impossible?"
"Impossible"
boom!
The whole process was shocked!
(This chapter ends)