Chapter 542 Destroy the three views again! Shocked everyone! Is there any explanation accurate? "No, you were wrong!"
When Li Qiwei took nearly 2 hours to complete the derivation, everyone was shocked.
Most people don't know what the final formula means.
But they could understand that with Professor Bruce's peerless wisdom, it was so difficult.
"This formula must be extraordinary!"
Sudden!
Pauli, Heisenberg and Dirac sounded at the same time.
"Impossible!" Pauli questioned with determination.
"Impossible?" Heisenberg was in a state of confusion and mixed joys.
"Impossible" Dirac murmured to himself, thinking.
But at the first moment, they could hardly believe their eyes, nor did they believe the shocking meaning expressed by the formula.
That's so horrible!
At this moment, the rest were attracted by the reactions of the three of them.
Everyone doesn't understand why.
"What is the magic of this formula derived by Professor Bruce?"
"It actually made the three peerless geniuses so excited!"
Seeing this, Wilson's curiosity reached its peak.
He asked quickly:
"Bruce, what's going on?"
Li Qiwei looked at Wilson, then looked at Pauli, smiled slightly, and said:
"Oh?"
"Paulie, why is it impossible?"
Pauli finally recovered from his shock.
Faced with Professor Bruce's powerful oppressive power, he could not be as brave as he had just debated with Irena and others.
He took a last look at the formula and said:
"Professor Wilson, do you know what this formula written by Professor Bruce means?"
Wilson shook his head on the surface, but complained wildly inside: Little fat man, please tell me quickly!
There are so many people present, only the brave Pauli dares to refute Professor Bruce immediately.
Although Professor Thomson just now encourages everyone not to be afraid of authority and dare to break authority.
But there must be a premise: you are a strong man himself!
And Pauli is undoubtedly such a person.
Even when facing Professor Bruce, he dared to draw his sword!
Although every time at the end, he was stabbed and covered in bruises and never won.
Pauli raised his voice and said shockedly:
"x·p≥h/4π."
"In the formula, x represents the displacement change of electrons, and p represents the momentum change of electrons."
"It shows that the product of the position uncertainty and momentum uncertainty of an electron must be greater than a constant, i.e. h/4π."
"This means that it is impossible for us to measure the position and momentum of an electron [at the same time] [accurately]."
"In other words, the position information and momentum information of the electron are uncertain!"
"Look at it, is this incredible?"
hiss!
The sound of gasping in the venue instantly sounded.
In Pauli, it is no less than a magnitude 18 earthquake.
Everyone felt their scalp numb and shocked!
"How is this possible?"
"How can the displacement and momentum of electrons not be accurately measured at the same time?"
"Displacement and momentum are the simplest mechanical quantities, why measure it?"
"Impossible!"
The conference room was instantly frying!
Everyone was talking, their faces full of shock.
This statement is really incredible!
Even more than the probability wave!
No wonder Pauli is so excited.
In classical mechanics, the momentum and displacement of a system can be easily measured.
For example, a car of known mass can calculate all its subsequent states, including momentum and displacement, after knowing its speed and driving time.
That's what Cock Rao just thought.
Even if you consider the theory of relativity, it is only a problem of accuracy such that 1500 meters becomes 1523.23 meters.
But in essence, it is possible to measure the displacement and speed information of the car [at the same time] and [precisely].
And now, the formula derived by Professor Bruce breaks all this!
According to the formula, the momentum and displacement of the car cannot be calculated at all.
Assuming that the car is parked at 1500 meters first, then the speed of the car cannot be measured at this time. (Momentum = Speed × Mass)
Assuming that the speed of the car is 30km/h first, even if the car has driven to 1500 meters, it may be 2500 meters.
It's so incredible, a fantasy!
How can displacement and momentum affect each other?
They are independent physical quantities!
For a moment, everyone couldn't believe it at all.
After Pauli finished speaking, his heart was still ups and downs.
Although he is a die-hard fan of matrix mechanics, he cannot accept Professor Bruce's derivation results.
That's incredible!
Just like a probability wave, it subverted his three views.
In real history, Pauli did not fully recognize the Copenhagen school from the beginning.
But after several in-depth exchanges with Bohr, he was convinced by Bohr and then joined the latter's camp.
The famous Pauli is a existence that dares to challenge and question everything.
Only absolutely powerful strength and wisdom can conquer him.
At this moment, Pauli needs an explanation from Professor Bruce.
Wilson was stunned after hearing this.
He dared not imagine his ears.
"Can't measure the position and momentum of electrons?"
"Are you sure you are discussing the physics of our universe?"
"This"
If probability waves are shocking, at least there is a barely reason.
After all, that is a concept in quantum mechanics and the microscopic world.
Anyway, the macro world cannot find the corresponding thing.
But measuring displacement and momentum is completely different!
This is the most classic physical quantity in classical mechanics!
Middle school students know how to calculate.
But now
Bruce is ready to smash it all again!
A flash of light suddenly flashed in Wilson's eyes, replacing the original confusion.
"I chose to believe in Bruce again!"
"He got the inspiration from my cloud room."
"Believe in him means believing in myself!"
Rutherford was shocked when he understood the content on the blackboard.
Following the probability wave, Bruce proposed another imaginative theory.
Perhaps this will once again change physicists’ perception of quantum mechanics.
He suddenly felt that today's 50th anniversary seemed to have some magic that made Cavendish shine.
First, Cock Raofu's particle accelerator made a major breakthrough.
Then comes the little Thomson proves the matter wave.
Finally, Bruce proposed such an incredible theory.
It seems that these results are all celebrating Cavendish's birthday.
Rutherford had a strong premonition.
"This theory will definitely bring incredible changes!"
Heisenberg's mood is the most complicated.
The moment he saw the formula, he was ecstatic at the first moment.
Once this conclusion is really correct, it means that his matrix mechanics still have great potential. "Everyone in the world studies wave dynamics, but they don't know that matrix mechanics is the treasure!"
But then, he was a little scared again.
It’s really Professor Bruce’s theory, it’s too scary!
It has once again subverted classical mechanics.
I don’t know how many times Professor Bruce subverted this.
But this time the content is a bit exaggerated.
Is it impossible to measure the position and momentum of electrons at the same time?
Any physicist who hears it will probably think that the person who proposed it is crazy.
But if the person proposed is Professor Bruce.
Then the crazy one may be the whole world.
Soon, everyone focused their eyes on the blackboard.
At this moment, Professor Bruce is like being in the starry sky of the universe in everyone's eyes.
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Around him, truth manifests itself into various symbols, rotating and flowing.
Li Qiwei spoke.
"That's right."
"Paulie's understanding is correct."
"The formula I just derived shows that it is impossible to accurately calculate the position and momentum of electrons at the same time."
Wow!
When everyone heard this, they were shocked and changed their color.
Professor Bruce really admitted it!
Such a wild theory has to be taken seriously by Professor Bruce.
No one can guarantee that it is wrong!
Although Pauli objected, it does not mean that he is right.
At this time, Li Qiwei continued:
"According to this principle, the more accurate we calculate the position information of an electron, the less accurate its momentum information will be."
"And, it is precisely because of this formula that in matrix mechanics, displacement x and momentum p do not meet the multiplication commutation law."
"This is a law derived from the theory of matrix mechanics!"
"If it is wrong, then matrix mechanics is wrong too!"
Wow!
Heisenberg suddenly looked up, his eyes staring at him.
Fortunately, the person who just opposed it was Pauli, and Schrödinger did not come.
Otherwise, the two of them would have started.
At this moment, he no longer hesitated, but firmly supported the principle of uncertainty!
"My matrix mechanics cannot be wrong!"
Heisenberg had a serious expression. He thought for a while and said:
"Professor, this is how I understand the principle of uncertainty. Do you think it's right?"
"Let's do a thought experiment."
"Suppose we want to know where the electrons are now, then we need to measure them."
"Because the electrons are very, very small, it is impossible to observe on ordinary microscopes."
“We need a microscope with higher accuracy.”
"The working principle of a microscope is actually to use the reflection phenomenon of light."
"After the light rays hit the surface of the target object, it will reflect. The reflected light is focused by the microscope lens and appears in the eyes of the human eye."
"So, we observed the information of the target object."
"According to the theory, the shorter the wavelength of light, the finer the structure that the microscope can see."
"And the wavelength of gamma rays is about the same order of magnitude as electrons."
"So, suppose we have a gamma ray microscope now, which can directly observe electrons."
"The experiment begins."
"If we want to know the location of the electrons first, we need gamma rays to irradiate the electrons."
"Then you can know the position information of the electron by observing the reflected gamma rays."
"But when the gamma ray radiates to the electron, it will first impact the electron."
"After the impact, the kinetic energy of the electron will inevitably change."
"And changing kinetic energy means that the momentum of the electron will also change."
"So, although we know exactly where the electron is, its momentum changes due to impacting the gamma ray and cannot be measured."
"Similarly, if we want to calculate the momentum of electrons first, we need to reduce the energy of the gamma ray to a minimum."
"In this way, when gamma rays hit electrons, they will hardly affect the momentum of the electron."
"But in this way, the reflected gamma rays cannot provide the precise position information of the electrons because of insufficient energy, and only have vague positions."
(It's like the light is too dark and you can't see clearly, which means one thing)
"To sum up, if we want to measure the exact position of an electron, then its momentum is not accurate."
“If we want to measure the exact momentum of an electron, then its position is inaccurate.”
"Because our [measurement behavior itself will interfere with electrons], which will cause us to not accurately measure the position and momentum of the electrons."
"This is my understanding of x·p≥h/4π."
Wow!
Heisenberg's inaccurate explanation was shocked to everyone's chin.
Can you explain this way?
This idea is so innovative!
Sure enough, he is indeed a peerless genius who proposed matrix mechanics.
My mind is different from others.
In this way, Professor Bruce's formula is easier to understand.
Everyone was talking about it.
"I think Heisenberg's explanation is very reasonable."
"Microscopic particles like electrons are too small, and it is very difficult to measure them."
"It's like I have a few dust in my hand. If I want to measure their weight, I have to put it on the instrument first."
"But while I was walking and operating, the dust might float away by itself because it was too small, resulting in measurement errors."
"That is, the so-called inaccurate test."
"Because as long as you measure an object, it will inevitably affect and interfere with its state."
At this moment, everyone couldn't help but sigh:
"But Professor Bruce is really too strong!"
"He could actually quantify this interference effect and even give a minimum value."
"So awesome!"
However, Pauli frowned.
Because it was Heisenberg's relationship, he did not refute it immediately.
Instead, we are thinking carefully about the other party’s analysis.
There is no doubt that Heisenberg agrees with Professor Bruce's theory and gives his own explanation.
According to Heisenberg's theory, the so-called inability to measure accurately simultaneously is caused by the measurement behavior itself.
"If Heisenberg's explanation is correct, then Professor Bruce's formula doesn't seem to be so difficult to accept."
"But, I always feel something wrong with this explanation."
"But I don't know where the problem lies."
Pauli fell into deep thought instead.
At this moment, Heisenberg was proud and satisfied as he listened to everyone's discussion.
Although Senior Brother Pauli questioned Professor Bruce, it didn't matter.
Heisenberg believed that his logic was impeccable and would definitely be able to convince the other party, so he accepted the test and explained it inaccurately.
He looked at Professor Bruce, hoping to get the recognition and praise I imagined.
However, he was disappointed.
After listening to Heisenberg's explanation, Li Qiwei smiled slightly.
In everyone's opinion, this clearly means relief and satisfaction.
Heisenberg's explanation gave Professor Bruce's theory full of physical significance and greatly improved its accuracy.
However, Li Qiwei's next words shocked everyone and were incredible.
"No, Heisenberg, your explanation is wrong!"
boom!
The audience was stunned!
Does anyone know where Heisenberg is wrong?
(This chapter ends)