Chapter 543 The true explanation of uncertainty! Unable to measure accurately! Subversion is decisive! Shocked the audience!
Heisenberg suddenly had a whim and proposed that he could not understand his own test.
He believes that the measurement behavior itself affects the position and momentum of the electron.
This view won the approval of most people present.
However, he was denied by Professor Bruce.
Heisenberg widened his eyes, his eyes a little surprised, and he couldn't even believe his ears.
How could such a rigorous explanation be wrong?
Professor Bruce refuted in public that his old habits were broken again.
Become sensitive, lost, and blushed.
I was afraid that I was really wrong, so I answered proactively in front of so many people, but it turned out to be a joke.
Finally, he mustered up all the courage and couldn't help asking:
"Professor Bruce, where am I wrong?"
At this moment, everyone was very curious.
Everyone does not think there is any problem with Heisenberg's view, it is easy to understand.
But since Professor Bruce was wrong, he would never be aimless.
Under the expectations of everyone, Li Qiwei said:
"Heisenberg said that because of the impact of gamma rays on electrons, we cannot accurately determine the momentum of electrons."
"However, there is a problem here."
"If we could know what the gamma ray reflects after impact."
"Then based on the Wu-Compton effect, we can indirectly calculate the momentum change of electrons."
"This way, the position and momentum of the electron can be measured simultaneously."
hiss!
Everyone was shocked!
This rebuttal is too sharp!
"Yes, why didn't I think of this?"
"Professor Bruce's method can be measured accurately at the same time."
Heisenberg couldn't help trembling when he heard this.
In front of Professor Bruce, his proud viewpoint was extremely fragile and could not stand scrutiny at all.
At this moment, someone suddenly asked boldly:
"Professor Bruce, since Heisenberg's explanation is wrong, what is right?"
Li Qiwei smiled slightly, but the following words surprised everyone.
He looked at Heisenberg with a satisfied expression on his face and continued:
"Heisenberg's idea is not wrong."
"I haven't finished the explanation just now."
"Because my method simply doesn't work!"
"And it is the real reason why the electronic position and momentum cannot be accurately measured at the same time!"
Wow!
At this moment, everyone was stunned!
What's going on?
Professor Bruce just denied Heisenberg, and now he denies himself?
Wilson hurriedly said:
"Wait, Bruce, let me sort it out."
"First of all, Heisenberg believes that the reason for inaccurate measurement is that measurement itself interferes with the state of electrons, and this state is inevitable."
"For example, if the position of the electron is measured first, the momentum of the electron will change due to impacting the gamma ray, and the measurement will be inaccurate."
"But, Bruce, you suggested that if you can know the reflection of the gamma ray, you can actually calculate the momentum change of the electron, so that you can accurately calculate the momentum of the electron at the same time."
"However, now you say again, [knowing the reflection of gamma rays] is not working."
"This is the real reason for the inaccuracy, not the interference factor of Heisenberg's proposed measurement behavior."
"Is this logic, Bruce?"
After hearing this, Li Qiwei was extremely surprised. When did my brother Wei become so awesome?
Wilson's analysis was very accurate.
"Yes."
Most people's minds are starting to get messy now.
However, for Heisenberg, Pauli, Dirac and others, it is a piece of cake.
They waited for Professor Bruce's following.
At this time, Li Qiwei simply said and drew pictures on the blackboard to explain.
"As shown in the picture."
"Why is it not feasible to [know the reflection of gamma rays]?"
"Because everyone should not forget the premise of thought experiments: first measure the position of electrons accurately!"
"In order to see where the electrons are, all the reflected gamma rays must be focused before they can be imaged."
"This should be understandable."
"Even if there is a trace of missing, gamma rays in one direction cannot accurately display the position of electrons."
"But once focused, the original direction of the reflected gamma ray will be changed."
"So, we [can't] know the reflection of [γ-rays]."
"Of course, it's not possible to calculate the precise momentum of the electron at this moment."
"Similarly, suppose that the momentum information of the electron is accurately measured before the position information is determined."
"Then we cannot focus the reflected gamma rays, but we must retain their original direction, so as to accurately calculate the momentum of the electrons based on the Wu-Compton effect."
"But at this time, because we cannot focus, we cannot accurately know the location information of the electron."
"The above analysis is the fundamental reason why the electronic position and momentum cannot be accurately measured at the same time."
"The concept of [inaccurate test] proposed by Heisenberg is very misleading."
"It makes everyone think that x·p≥h/4π has something to do with the measuring instrument itself."
"It is the interference of the measuring instrument that we cannot measure accurately."
"But it doesn't matter at all!"
"This uncertain behavior of electrons does not rely on any external objects, but is an internal attribute."
“No matter how sophisticated the instrument is, it cannot accurately measure the position and momentum of electrons at the same time in both root and principle.”
"So, compared to inaccurate testing, I prefer to call it [Principle of Uncertainty]!"
"The summary is: the inability to accurately measure itself is the essence of uncertainty, rather than the interference of measurement behavior on electrons."
quiet!
Deadly silence!
After Li Qiwei finished speaking, everyone stared at the illustrations on the blackboard, stunned.
What gamma rays and reflections have made many people dizzy.
"Can anyone tell me what's going on?"
"Why can't you adjust the accuracy of the instrument and minimize the interference?"
"How can an object's momentum and displacement be essentially unmeasurable?"
"This is incredible!"
"."
For Wilson and others, they barely understood.
But it is precisely because I understand that I feel extremely shocked!
This completely destroyed their previous perceptions.
Wilson murmured:
"First of all, we need to emphasize two keywords: simultaneous and precise."
"It can be done if it is not simultaneous, but interval time, or if it is not precise, but fuzzy measurement."
"But if you want to measure both at the same time and accurately measure it, it will be impossible."
"Because no matter how high the accuracy of the instrument is, when the gamma ray hits the electron, the reflection occurs."
"If you do not change the direction of the reflected gamma ray, you will not be able to accurately measure the position information." "It should be noted here that at this moment, you must measure the position, but it is not accurate."
"Similarly, if you change the direction of the reflected gamma ray, although you can accurately measure the position, you cannot accurately measure momentum."
"At the same time, these two behaviors can only choose one of two, and they cannot happen at the same time."
hiss!
Wilson's explanation made many people enlightened and suddenly realize it.
Although there were some students present, there were no stupid people who could do research in Cavendish.
After such an in-depth and easy-to-understand analysis, everyone understood.
But then everyone became even more shocked!
"In this way, does the principle of uncertainty subvert the decisiveness of the world?"
Wow!
An inexplicable chill enveloped the room.
The decisiveness was broken?
What a terrible thing this is.
Since Newton constructed the framework of classical mechanics, humans have mastered magical abilities that are just like "prophecy".
The newest ⊥Xiao⊥Speak⊥Send⊥Six⊥9⊥Book⊥⊥⊥⊥Back⊥⊥⊥⊥!
As long as you know all the motion parameters of the car, you can calculate its motion state at all moments based on mechanics and motion formulas.
Including but not limited to displacement, momentum, etc.
In the eyes of lower creatures such as ants, it is not an exaggeration to say that humans are prophetic.
The ultimate development form of this ability is the famous "Laplace beast" among the four major physical beasts.
Laplacemon knows all the parameters of all atoms in the universe.
So, according to the equation, it can calculate the future of the universe!
That is: our universe is decisive!
The speed and position of the object at the previous moment determine the speed and position of the object at the next moment.
This mechanical universe has dominated the physics community for a long time.
Many people present know that although Professor Bruce had challenged this view of the universe with electronic probability jumps before.
But he did not convince everyone.
And now, the situation is different!
With the deepening development of quantum mechanics, various strange theories and experiments have emerged, resulting in some phenomena that are very different from the macroscopic world.
The probability wave subverts the cause and effect, and the uncertainty principle subverts the decisiveness.
The two combined together shatter the mechanical view of space-time in classical physics!
Not only does the behavior of an electron appearing somewhere is probabilistic, but even the displacement and velocity of it appearing cannot be accurately measured!
This shows that our universe is in chaos!
Wow!
This is so scary!
It's terrible to think about it carefully!
The emergence of the principle of uncertainty has brought an unimaginable impact on everyone.
And peerless geniuses such as Heisenberg, Pauli, and Dirac have much stronger acceptance skills!
Pauli's heart was shaken.
When he first saw the formula, he firmly opposed it.
Because the principle of uncertainty violates common sense.
Therefore, even in the face of the authority of the world's number one person, Pauli is not afraid.
But after listening to Professor Bruce's rigorous analysis, Pauli suddenly realized that he seemed to have been persuaded.
This is a bit embarrassing.
He felt that it seemed to be true.
Matrix mechanics has been verified by multiple experiments and theories, and its correctness is unquestionable.
The uncertainty principle derived from it is naturally correct.
Professor Bruce in particular also gave impeccable logical analysis.
Pauli has been impressed.
"Professor Bruce, I agree with your explanation."
"Heisenberg's answer is indeed a problem."
Wow!
Everyone was shocked!
Pauli, who was strongly opposed just now, has changed its flag immediately.
Professor Bruce's strength is indeed so terrifying.
Pauli is very thick-skinned and doesn't care about it.
As for the decisiveness of crushing, there is nothing difficult for him to accept.
Since his birth, he has heard all about Professor Bruce breaking traditions.
"If Professor Bruce does not subvert the world, is it still Professor Bruce?"
At this moment, Heisenberg's expression was the strangest.
Facing the denial of his senior brother Pauli, he not only did not feel even more lost, but instead smiled and looked excited.
It's completely different from what he did just now.
"Because, the principle of uncertainty is derived from my matrix mechanics!"
The moment Heisenberg heard Professor Bruce's explanation, he knew that he was wrong.
Immediately afterwards, he fully supported Professor Bruce's point of view.
Without hesitation at all!
After listening to everyone's comment on the uncertainty principle shattering the mechanical cosmic view, Heisenberg became even more excited.
"You say wave dynamics are easy to use every day, and you even extend the shocking theory of probability waves."
"Now, my matrix mechanics is not weak at all!"
"The principle of uncertainty will be another important basic theory of quantum mechanics."
"Its status is not inferior to probability waves at all!"
"Schrödinger, why should I avoid his sharpness!"
Heisenberg rose again.
His matrix mechanics was transformed into magic in the hands of Professor Bruce, shining brightly and shockingly!
This fully demonstrates that there is no theory of dishes, only people with dishes.
Then, Heisenberg was humble and respectful, and said with a smile:
"Professor, there is no doubt that your explanation is the essence of uncertainty."
"This is another typical feature that distinguishes quantum mechanics from classical physics!"
Li Qiwei smiled slightly when he heard this.
Everyone in the world may oppose him, but Heisenberg will not.
This kid only objected to his own views.
Rutherford looked at everyone in shock or excited discussion, and his heart was mixed.
The emergence of quantum mechanics made experimental masters like him very embarrassed.
Because many results of this theory are difficult or impossible to verify through experiments.
In other words, experimental physicists currently have little effect on the establishment of quantum mechanics.
Whether it is matrix mechanics or wave dynamics, they are purely theoretical products.
This made Rutherford feel frustrated!
He doesn't want to limit himself to atomics, he also wants to intervene in quantum mechanics.
"What a happy thing it would be if it could prove the principle of probability waves and uncertainty through experiments?"
Then, he smiled bitterly again.
"How is this possible?"
"The uncertainty principle even the role of the instrument itself is eliminated. How can I verify it?"
However, Rutherford never expected that what he thought was impossible would be done soon by a young man.
Although the other party was like Davidson, he made a mistake, but he finally proved the principle of probability waves and uncertainty, which shocked the academic community!
At this moment, everyone was digesting the shocking theory proposed by Professor Bruce.
They would like to know what kind of sensation will be in the physics community after today.
But, at this moment, a voice suddenly sounded again:
"Professor, I think your explanation is a little inappropriate."
Wow!
Everyone was shocked!
Which warrior is this?
(This chapter ends)