Chapter 551: To tell a story well, funding is indispensable
“We doubled, tripled, and quadrupled the area on the right side. We found that the right side needed two, three, or four weights. After After many experiments, we are convinced of the accuracy of our guess." Zhu Zaiyu opened several red silk cloths one after another. Under the red silk cloth were experiments conducted by the Royal Academy of Art.
The results of the experiment confirmed the conjecture.
Zhu Zaiyu continued: "In order to describe this phenomenon more accurately, we introduced the concept of pressure. Pressure is the effect of pressure. When the pressure increases and the area remains unchanged, the pressure effect will become larger. , For example, if we can't chop a bone, we can chop it by waving it hard. When the pressure remains unchanged and the area decreases, the pressure effect will also increase, such as sharpening an edge or sharpening scissors."
" Therefore, we introduced the concept of pressure and expressed it with the Latin letter P. It comes from the Latin word pressura, which means the action of squeezing juice. It is very suitable to express the pressure intensity. We stipulate that the force divided by the area is the pressure. ”
“The effect of our pressure remains unchanged. I used only one point of effort, but the effect achieved cannot be the effect of a lot of effort. The effect of pressure remains unchanged, that is, the pressure on the left and right sides is equal. This formula is perfectly established.”
Zhu Zaiyu wrote down a formula.
The first letter of the Latin alphabet is used to represent it for convenience of writing. A, B, C, and D can also be represented, but there are too many strokes. Latin is the term used for the current large-scale travel in the West, and it is also the official term. All the words from the West Credentials will be translated into Latin.
Strength is Fortia in Latin, and area is Spazio. Soon, Zhu Zaiyu wrote a formula, F1/S1=F2/S2=P, the area on the left remains unchanged, and the area on the right becomes larger. , the force on the right side must naturally increase, otherwise the pressure effect will be reduced.
“We made assumptions, defined the concept accurately, then carefully demonstrated it, and put it into practice to verify, and finally got a result close to the truth.” Zhu Zaiyu said with a smile.
This is the work of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, to use arithmetic to study the infinite principles of all things. At the beginning, the Ministry of Household Affairs proposed the degree bypass, that is, all designed and manufactured objects should have specific dimensions, rather than the vagueness of probably, maybe, and maybe. The words, use numbers to measure everything in the world, and draw analogies.
The degree bypass was first proposed by the Ministry of Accounts when six books and one account were proposed. The vague account books limited the tax collection of the Ministry of Accounts. The figures were all vague, so other Everything is blurry.
Degree bypass is still working hard. The research of the Royal Academy of Sciences is based on mathematics.
Zhu Yijun looked at Zhu Zaiyu and asked: "What is it used for?"
"We designed a new rolling machine to print silver coins." Zhu Zaiyu left When he got to the penultimate red silk cloth, he pulled it open. The red silk cloth was covered with a vertical board more than three feet long, and a design drawing was drawn on the vertical board.
"Before designing, we tinkered with some small toys. When you leave later, you can take them back to comfort the children." Zhu Zaiyu paused before pointing his finger at the drawing.
"Double-sided printing machine, upper box and lower box, are two feet long, one foot wide, one foot high. There is a two-inch thick gap in the middle, where silver plates can be placed. The left side is hydraulic box, the crankshaft drives the round wheel to rotate and apply pressure. The pressure effect is transmitted to the upper and lower boxes through the oil to start applying pressure, and finally the imprinting is completed. "
"Theoretically, the area of the hydraulic box on the left is designed to be larger. Small, if the pressure box on the right side is set larger, we can amplify the force to infinity, just like the sentence, give me a fulcrum and I can tilt the earth. A smaller hydraulic tank means a longer stroke , taking into account the actual needs of production, we finally designed it this way. "
Greater power is obtained by torque, which is very similar to the lever principle. Hydraulic pressure can even be regarded as an extension of the lever principle. , the larger pressure box looks great, but the engineering practice is very difficult.
Zhu Zaiyu explained in detail the hydraulic stamping machine designed and manufactured by the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Silver is already very soft when facing the spiral stamping machine. Facing this new machine, silver is even softer. Vulnerable, more pressure means more beautiful silver coins.
There is an additional hydraulic pump in the structure of the hydraulic pad, and this hydraulic pump is the power source. All technologies do not appear suddenly, nor are they castles in the air.
Huang Zifu, a mountain man recommended by Tan Lun, was responsible for the design and manufacture of the hydraulic stamping machine. He handed a sandalwood box to Feng Bao.
Feng Bao inspected the box and presented it to His Majesty. In the box were new imperial silver coins produced by a new hydraulic stamping machine, a total of eighteen coins.
Of these eighteen silver coins, only the last one is extremely exquisite, and the others have various problems. This means that the debugging of the machine in front of me is the result of many tests.
Zhu Yijun shook his sleeves, took out a previous imperial silver coin, and compared it against the sun.
The pattern of the entire silver coin is clearer, and the tooth marks on the edge are more regular. Compared with the fuzzy edge tooth marks in the past, the silver coin has better security against counterfeiting. The edge tooth marks are an important basis for judging the authenticity of silver coins. .
It is better not to mint coins if they are not exquisite.
“So, the demonstration using oil instead of water is because it has been implemented in engineering?” Zhu Yijun asked with great emotion.
This exquisite silver coin gave Zhu Yijun an unexpected surprise. It turned out that it was not just a principle on paper, but a practical confirmation.
“Yes, the Bingzhan Bureau Mint has used a new hydraulic press. It is estimated that by the end of this year, the production capacity of Ming Dynasty’s imperial silver coins will reach 2.5 million silver.” Huang Zifu He replied with great conviction.
The changes brought about by new technologies not only made the new imperial silver coins more exquisite, but also greatly increased the output.
This is the result that Huang Zifu wanted to tell His Majesty. In fact, Huang Zifu was already very conservative. The Bingzhan Bureau Mint gave a figure of three million silver, and Huang Zifu revised it slightly.
This is in front of the emperor. Lying is deceiving the emperor. Every sentence is a military order and everyone is responsible. Therefore, report less and use more redundancy to make more mistakes.
Zhu Yijun said with a smile: "The Ming Dynasty can inflow six million taels of silver a year, and the production of two and a half million imperial silver coins is still not enough. Only six million imperial silver coins can be produced every year." It is said that the silver of the Ming Dynasty no longer formed new dams, and the subsequent increase in production capacity was all to clear the dams formed by the previous inflow of silver, and it was all about paying off debts."
"It only started in the first year of Wanli. The draw for the galleons has begun, and we have been in debt for eleven years.”
The inflow of silver has formed a dam, and the dam is in the metropolis of the Ming Dynasty. The concentration of currency will lead to the gap between the rich and the poor. The increase in the number of coins has led to further intensification of social conflicts, and this new process has allowed the production of imperial silver coins to rise rapidly.
The craftsmen of the Ming Dynasty were extremely skilled in counterfeiting silver ingots. Only the silver coins they made were currency. The circulation of silver coins was far inferior to that of silver coins. Only by rolling and printing silver into silver coins could silver be effectively circulated throughout the Ming Dynasty. circulate.
If there is too little silver flowing in, the Ming Dynasty will have no silver to use, which is a bad thing; if there is too much silver flowing in, it will be dammed up in the metropolis, which is also a bad thing.
The inflow of six million taels of silver in one year is already the figure for the ninth year of Wanli. In the tenth year of Wanli, the Ming Dynasty received an inflow of six million and a half million taels of silver. With the return of the Ming Ocean Trading Company, the eleventh year of Wanli The silver damming problem will become more serious in 2019.
"Then what is covered under the last red silk cloth?" Zhu Yijun asked curiously. Zhu Zaiyu explained the principles clearly, elaborated the arguments, and has already put them into practice. There is also a piece of red silk cloth. It aroused Zhu Yijun's strong curiosity!
There is actually one!
Zhu Zaiyu walked to the last red silk cloth and pulled it open. It was still a drawing, an object similar to a hydraulic pad, except that it was larger.
Zhu Zaiyu stood in front of the drawings and said: "The hydraulic punch is specially used for the final shaping of steam engine cylinders. Its maximum pressure can reach one thousand jun, which is 30,000 kilograms."
< br>“Hydraulic punches with higher pressure can bring more precise cylinders, and the number of horses can be miniaturized, which will make great progress.”
Punches specially used to manufacture steam engines, this is the last drawing The content, according to Zhu Zaiyu, has not yet been put into production. It is still on paper and is undergoing technical verification. The last red silk cloth is the future.
Zhu Yijun and Zhu Zaiyu chatted for a long time. New production tools will bring new power to the production of steam engines.
"Uncle Emperor, I asked for one million silver at the beginning of last year. Were these all made with one million silver?" Zhu Yijun looked at the auspicious person in front of him. With so many things, one million silver will suffice. Is it available?
Excellent value for money.
You can't buy talents with money. In Wang Qian's value measurement theory, some are non-discountable values. These values are priceless treasures. Doctors in the Five Classics are the most precious in Ming Dynasty. wealth.
No matter how much money you give these Five Classics doctors, they will not go to Taisi to work for Felipe II. The birth of talents requires a population base, just as technological breakthroughs require scale.
Zhu Yijun thought for a while and said, "Do you need more silver?"
In the romantic cause of exploring the edge of the human cognitive world, Zhu Yijun can only provide silver to help.
"The Imperial Palace Museum still has 470,000 silver that can be used." Zhu Zaiyu said with a smile: "No silver is needed for the time being."
"Ask the emperor's uncle in the first month, and the emperor's uncle He also said that there are still 420,000 silver, so why is there still 50,000 more silver in the book?" Zhu Yijun was stunned, how could the money from the Imperial Palace be brought up?
How can we not be short of money?
"It's a separate account." Feng Bao explained in detail.
The manufacturing of steam engines is not within Gewuyuan, but every time a steam engine is sold, 300 silver will be allocated to Gewuyuan. A 16-horsepower steam engine costs 2515 silver. 300 silver does not seem like much, but Last year, one thousand units were assembled, which is 300,000 silver. Half of the 300,000 silver must be used as an incentive mechanism and divided into specific research and development personnel.
So the Imperial Palace is not a completely 'loss-making' business. Even in terms of the discountable value, it is not a loss-making deal at all.
"Ah, that's it." Zhu Yijun understood. Originally, supporting some silver would still give him a sense of participation. Now, he doesn't even need to support silver anymore. The Royal Academy of Geology is obtaining enough through a method similar to patent licensing. The funds are used to support research and development, and we can already be responsible for our own profits and losses.
"This hydraulic principle, hydraulic stamping machine, and hydraulic punching machine, everyone who participates will be rewarded with ten silvers each as a reward." Zhu Yijun chose the reward. If you have the money, you have the money, but Zhu Yijun still wants to Thank you, thank Dr. Wu Jing for his contribution to the technological progress of Ming Dynasty.
"Feng Daban, go back and engrave these two drawings on the stone tablet." Zhu Yijun made a clear explanation to Feng Bao. The hydraulic principle should be put in the display window of the Ministry of Engineering, but these two drawings can be engraved on the stone tablet. Take him into the imperial mausoleum.
The purpose of bringing it to the imperial mausoleum is naturally that he, an emperor who is not doing his job properly and is deviant, is likely to be opened by future generations. Everyone else was already dead at that time. These cultural relics can help him distinguish two sentences. .
"What are these?" Zhu Yijun looked at the objects on another table and asked.
Zhu Zaiyu raised his eyebrows and said cheerfully: "Your Majesty can take the little toys I just mentioned for the children to play with."
Zhu Zaiyu's original life was very interesting. There are many regrets. The Twelve Laws of Equals, which he devoted all his efforts to, were buried in the waste paper pile and no one cared about them. The new Ming calendar that he revised could not be promoted because of the stubborn die-hards in the court. He could only sit in Prince Zheng's palace, look at the four corners of the sky, and ask why he came to this world. Not to be Prince Zheng was the unwilling roar of Zhu Zaiyu's heart, which was his most helpless struggle.
In the entire Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zaiyu was the only one who refused to accept the hereditary throne and finally succeeded. The biggest regret of Zhu Zaiyu now is that he failed to cultivate the artistic talent of the emperor. His Majesty has no interest in music theory. Zhu Zaiyu plans to use the method of making small toys to cultivate the princes from an early age to become interested in machinery. At the very least, you must know the power of machinery, instead of staying away from or even rejecting machinery with the old-fashioned argument that "if you have machinery, you will have a heart, and if you have the heart in your heart, you will be pure and unprepared."
This is something Zhu Zaiyu cannot accept no matter what.
This is a very dangerous behavior, because it is very likely to be criticized by the courtiers as a virtuous king who has no virtue, performs sideshows, plays with others, and abandons his own duties.
Can children’s toys also rise to such heights? The humble Confucians of the Ming Dynasty could elevate everything without limit, and then point and point from the commanding heights of morality. This is obviously not suitable for the current discourse, but they use it in the name of etiquette and law. It seems to be protection, but in fact it is hindering social change. .
Only in an unchanging world can their status be as stable as Mount Tai and remain unchanged forever.
A mechanical arm one foot long and half a foot high appeared in front of Zhu Yijun. There was a pincer on the front and a total of five operating rods. It was extremely well-made, with pincers, wrists, and elbows. , shoulders, full of mechanical beauty.
"How to play this?" Zhu Yijun asked enthusiastically.
For children to play? ! He hasn't had enough fun yet. When he does, it will be Zhu Changzhi's turn!
“This operating lever can control the jaws. Push forward to clamp and pull backward to release.” Zhu Zaiyu began to show the toys he designed. These toys are actually the application of hydraulic transmission. It has not been implemented on large machinery, and the mechanical design needs further improvement, especially in terms of power.
But the toy, that is, the model showing the principle, is completely ready.
“This operating lever can be pushed forward to rotate the wrist of the clamping teeth in the forward direction, and pulled backward to rotate the wrist in the reverse direction. The third push rod is to bend the wrist, and the fourth push rod is to bend the wrist. The elbow moves up and down, the fifth pushrod controls the shoulder, and the last knob controls the steering." Zhu Zaiyu demonstrated while holding the four small joysticks, letting the mechanical claw pick up a wooden block and then rotate it. Put it in another box.
"Awesome!" Zhu Yijun couldn't help but admire: "Let me try it."
Zhu Yijun had a great time, Wang Jiaping, Wan Wenqing, Wu Weizhong, etc. Everyone was eager to try it, and Zhu Yijun didn't want to monopolize it, so he gave the toy to the three of them. A bunch of grown men gathered around a toy and fiddled with it for more than 20 minutes before it was over.
“Good stuff, good stuff.” Zhu Yijun still couldn’t help but say.
"What about this? What is this?" Zhu Yijun asked about the second toy. This toy was relatively simple and had three levers in total.
Zhu Zaiyu said while demonstrating: "The lift."
In Zhu Zaiyu's hands, the claws of the lift rose little by little, causing all the people's attention.
Zhu Yijun thought of the forklifts of later generations. This lift is very similar to the forklift.
These are all applications of hydraulic transmission, and there are countless kinds of them. This is a brand-new transmission method, such as mechanical arms, lifts, briquetting machines, hydraulic shock absorbers, etc. Zhu Yijun can think of all the things he can't think of. All appeared in front of him.
"Zhi'er is so lucky. The emperor's uncle personally made so many fun toys for him." Zhu Yijun couldn't put it down.
The eyes of Wan Wenqing and Wu Weizhong were shining.
Sure enough, machines naturally attract men’s attention.
Today, Zhu Zaiyu explained the discovery process of hydraulic principles, elaborated on theoretical demonstrations, presented practical results, and looked into the future through toys. The whole process, Zhu Zaiyu considered it to be a success. His Majesty repeatedly expressed the need for more money, which shows that His Majesty highly approves of the work of Gokuyuan.
The whole process was not created by Zhu Zaiyu, but designed by cabinet ministers, ministers of the Ministry of Rites, and Wan Shihe of the Royal Institute of Technology. Wan Shihe believed that: every time the Gewu Academy offers auspiciousness, it will Covered with red silk cloth, there was no foreshadowing of what was being said, and the talk was straightforward. As a result, His Majesty did not have a clear understanding of the new achievements of the Gewuyuan every time.
How can this be done? !
That is to say, the Gewuyuan is strong enough. Every time a new object is launched, it is of great significance to the Ming Dynasty. Otherwise, it will not be able to defraud any funds at all! Do you still want His Majesty to obediently pay for it?
Wang Po sells melons and still knows how to brag about herself!
This time, Wan Shihe chose packaging to clearly explain the ins and outs of the new technology and its application scenarios. If the story is told well, funding is indispensable.
Zhu Zaiyu doesn’t know how to tell stories at all, or he simply doesn’t have the heart to tell stories. Obtaining funds depends solely on his strength.
Wan Shihe’s packaging this time is undoubtedly a success. At least Zhu Yijun provided additional rewards based on the existing incentive mechanism.
"I retire." Zhu Zaiyu finished his own affairs and left without staying any longer. It was a very stupid behavior for the vassal king to get involved in government affairs. Zhu Zaiyu just focused more on In order to explore the boundaries of the cognitive world, he is not stupid, he just feels that these things are not worth his trouble.
"What do you think, Governor Wang?" Zhu Yijun looked at Wang Jiaping. During the whole process, Wang Jiaping showed the calmness and calmness of a scholar-bureaucrat. On the surface, he looked calm, but there was a sparkle in his eyes. , still made Zhu Yijun aware of the throbbing deep in Wang Jiaping's heart.
"The emperor's uncle is virtuous in the world." Wang Jiaping said solemnly: "In the future, people may not know Wang Jiaping or Wang Chonggu, but they will definitely know the emperor's uncle Zhu Zaiyu, and he will definitely become history A monument in the long river. "
It is no longer a rock, but a monument, a monument that can change the color of the sun, moon and stars. A person's lifetime may be heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather. Obviously, Zhu Zaiyu is alive. Heavier than Mount Tai.
Wang Jiaping put his hand slightly forward and said: "Do we still have such outstanding people in the Ming Dynasty?"
"Is Governor Wang too greedy? Just one person is already blessed by our ancestors!" Zhu Yijun The smile was bright and sunny. He actually had this idea. Later, he checked the clansmen in the Ten Kings City and found that they were really gone. People were so dissatisfied that one of them was still not satisfied.
"I am too greedy." Wang Jiaping said with great regret, but just one person is already a huge blessing.
The vassals of the Ming Dynasty all thanked the German King Zhu Zaiyu. With his appearance, the clan members of the Ming Dynasty were no longer criticized. The clan clans were no longer simply hollowing out the dynasty. It hasn't gotten better, but the baseless name-calling and accusations have disappeared, and there are more discussions about the treatment of clan members.
"Governor Wang came from Guangdong. What was the biggest feeling after entering Beijing?" Zhu Yijun asked Wang Jiaping about his feelings after entering Beijing. The original intention was to have a chat to connect feelings.
Although Wang Jiaping has only been Zhu Yijun’s imperial master for a quarter of an hour, and Wang Jiaping and Fan Yingqi joined forces and ran to the sidelines for help before even a quarter of an hour, but Wang Jiaping is now after all He is the governor of Guangdong, and he has done a very good job. Reminiscing about old times is the best way to connect with each other.
Wang Jiaping did not answer the question directly, but asked instead: "Who do you think is the biggest enemy of the New Deal?"
"The opposition?" Zhu Yijun gave an answer, the reformists are the biggest Aren’t our enemies the stubborn old guard? Conservative is not a derogatory term, stubborn and conservative is a derogatory term. Zhang Juzheng is a conservative, but he is not stubborn.
“The biggest enemy of the New Deal is the success of the New Deal.” Wang Jiaping took a deep breath and said: “Your Majesty, once the truly effective reforms are successful, the causes of the reforms will disappear, leaving only the permanent The disappearance of disadvantages means success; innovation becomes incomprehensible due to its huge success."
"Huh?" Zhu Yijun looked at Wang Jiaping sharply.
Practice really trains people!
Since ancient times, every reform has been caused by fierce contradictions in society, and the sign of the success of the new law is that the contradictions have been alleviated. The contradictions have been alleviated, and the reasons for the reform have disappeared.
People will forget why they set out, feel incredible about such drastic measures, and then criticize.
Just like people always criticize Shang Yang for the harshness of the Qin system, criticize Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for his militarism, criticize Wang Anshi for unnecessary and unrealistic actions, criticize Zhu Yuanzhang for his cruelty, and criticize Zhu Di for monopolizing the huge profits from sea trade.
History is a circle that goes around, spirals upward, and cycles forward.
Wang Jiaping is not alarmist. The simplest example is Zhang Juzheng's strict requirements for frugality.
The Ming Dynasty was so wealthy, why did it require the emperor to be frugal? His Majesty even became too frugal. Was it because of Zhang Juzheng's harsh criticism? Such questions and voices have already appeared.
Zhu Yijun remembers, remembers the embarrassment of the imperial mausoleum that still owed 110,000 silver for 500,000 silver, remembers that the Ming army is short of pay, remembers that all officials of the Ming Dynasty cannot even receive their salary, remembers that the Ministry of Household Affairs of the Ming Dynasty can only do Three months of expenses, and now the Ministry of Household Affairs is scratching their heads, and they are completely afraid of poverty.
"You are right. The biggest enemy of the New Deal is its success." Zhu Yijun shook his head and said, "I don't know whether to be lucky or sad."
"You should be lucky. "Wang Jiaping said with great certainty: "The success of the New Deal means that we have overcome a crisis that has affected the entire world, which is something to be thankful for for everyone."
Zhu Yijun was about to speak, but Zhang Hong was holding a newspaper in his hand and seemed to be hesitant to speak, as if something had happened.
"Say what you have to say, why hesitate?" Zhu Yijun frowned, Zhang Hong was definitely not a person who didn't know the importance of things. Since he had something to say, it was naturally a very important matter and even needed to be interrupted. Even if the memorial is correct, the emperor must also report it.
"That Lin Fucheng wrote another volume of travel notes." Zhang Hong handed over the miscellaneous newspaper in his hand.
"He can write as long as he writes, but he still has to do it at this time..." Zhu Yijun took the newspaper and read it without finishing the first sentence, then stopped, and read Xiaoyao Anecdotes carefully. The contents of this miscellaneous newspaper were the volume that Lin Fucheng had always wanted to write but had not yet written. The government forced the people to rebel.
It’s just that Lin Fucheng is not so straightforward and leaves enough blank space, but anyone who is a scholar can appreciate its connotation.
“I knew that he was already tempted, how could he hold it back?” Zhu Yijun smiled and shook his head, handed the newspaper to Wang Jiaping and said: “Indeed, the biggest enemy of the New Deal is The success of the New Deal, but there are always people who take the trouble to jump out and tell everyone why they set out at that time."
This guy Lin Fucheng is not liked by others. He is always poking through the flowers and covering up the fig leaf. Tear it apart and tell everyone the bloody reality.
"Ah, I am overly worried. The things Yan did are indeed worse than pigs and dogs, just like the Confucius family had people perform funerals for dogs." Wang Jiaping finished reading the miscellaneous newspaper , on the contrary, he was a little relieved. He was worried that people would forget, but it was actually unfounded. The meat-eaters of the Ming Dynasty always used their own lower limits to tell everyone the reasons for the Wanli Restoration.
The Yan family of Qizhou, Baoding Prefecture, buried a family alive in a manure pit, which means that all the old and young of the family composted it. It was the tenants who did it. If they refused to do bad things, they would The tenants will have their leases revoked, and the tenants will have no choice.
After the incident, Qizhou Prefectural Government caught a scapegoat and made haste.
(End of chapter)