Chapter 591 Test from Tianyun
“This can explain many problems.” Zhu Zaiyu said: “For example, the reason why Japan and Liaodong of Ming Dynasty are in the same dimension are warmer.”
< br>The core concept of the Ming Dynasty Royal Academy of Furniture is to be faithful and honest, and the foundation of the foundation is Guo Shoujing and Guo Shenxian's "The foundation of history lies in testing, and the instrument of testing should not be measured first", and conduct practical and long-term observations. and mapping as a practical theme to revise the calendar, and finally expanded from the study of the calendar to the study of the infinite principles of all things.
Since the Ming Dynasty dug up the discussion about latitude from Guo Shoujing's old case, that is, the observation of the angle of the north pole above the earth, a long-term confusion has been plaguing the Five Classics doctors of the Ming Dynasty. These Five Classics doctors In addition to Zhu Zaiyu, Xing Yunlu, Jiao Hong, Zhang Siwen, Huang Zifu, and Li Kaifang, there are also Doctors of the Five Classics such as Wang Pan, Wang Duozhu, Zhao Kehuai, Wang Zuo, Wu Zhongming, Guo Zizhang, Feng Yingjing, etc.
The problem is that although they are at the same latitude, the Suiyuan and Liaodong areas of the Ming Dynasty will be colder. The wind and snow in winter will be heavier, the frost-free period will be shorter, and the frost days will come earlier. This makes The doctors of the Pentateuch were extremely confused.
At first, the doctors of the Five Classics believed that it was the result of the combined action of the cold air mass over Mobei and the widespread warm currents in the ocean.
“Coconut trees can be planted in Nagasaki, but in Nanjing, Songjiangfu and other places at the same latitude, coconut trees cannot be planted.” Zhu Zaiyu said with great emotion: “Only Mobei air-conditioning These two reasons are not enough to fully explain why Japan is warmer than Liaodong. "
"In the study of water heating, we found another factor, which is the huge water body. "
"Your Majesty, what is the source of the earth's heat?"
"The sun begins to heat up at sunrise and cools down at sunset. Obviously, the heat of the Ming Dynasty mainly comes from the sun. Zhu Yijun said immediately.
"The ministers don't have the slightest sense of reverence. Can't they handle the state affairs completely and let His Majesty put more energy into the way of investigating things?" Zhu Zaiyu said sincerely after hearing this, and angrily scolded the ministers for their incompetence. , causing His Majesty to waste his energy on state affairs and have no more energy to participate in exploring the boundaries of human cognition.
The exploration of cognitive boundaries and infinite principles is a mutually reinforcing and cyclical and progressive approach, rather than a superficial way of opening a big hole in the cognitive boundaries and moving forward. Instead, break through a little here, break a little there, and then continuously expand the boundaries of cognition.
Gewuyuan is extremely eager for talents like His Majesty who know a little bit about everything.
"Isn't that neglect of government?" Zhu Yijun said with a smile: "Uncle Emperor, continue."
Zhu Zaiyu moved the slightly tilted globe in his hand and said sincerely: "We talked about the specific heat before. If water is 1, the specific heat of soil is 0.2, which means that water can hold and release five times the heat of soil."
"And the Japanese country has a huge The water body, the vast Cangmingzong Pacific Ocean, has caused the reality that the Japanese country is now warmer. When the water body is hot, evaporation absorbs more heat, and when it is cold, it releases more heat, and the overall temperature difference will be smaller. "
"Coupled with the continuous flow of warm currents from the equator under the ocean currents, the climate of Japan has become even warmer."
"So, there are no huge water bodies in Liaodong and Liaodong. Suiyuan is colder, while the Japanese country with its huge water body is warmer."
Zhu Yijun thought for a moment and said: "Tang Pozi?"
Tang Pozi, the hot water bottles of the Ming Dynasty, but most of them are made of copper and tin. , has been common since the Tang Dynasty, and can be kept warm when placed under the quilt. What Zhu Zaiyu said is actually not complicated. It is that the Japanese country has a huge Pacific Ocean that is constantly heated due to the existence of ocean currents, so the Japanese country is warmer.
Zhu Zaiyu choked violently, thought for a moment and said: "Your Majesty is a wise man!"
His Majesty's metaphor is easy to understand. This is what he meant. He just used a more clear experiment to Verify your conjecture and explain the problem.
The existence of huge water bodies is a necessary survival condition to ensure that the climate does not fluctuate violently. If the earth did not have so many water bodies but were all land, the fluctuations in the temperature difference between day and night on the earth would increase five times. This is What a terrifying scene, the Royal Academy of Arts and Crafts simply did not dare to imagine.
“We found that water has great virtues. In daily life, it is difficult for us to find a substance with a higher specific heat capacity than water.” Zhu Zaiyu said with emotion.
Water carries great virtues in a physical sense.
Specific heat capacity can explain many problems. For example, Gewuyuan improved the thermometer and chose to use mercury instead of the previous alcohol. For example, the caloric calculation of coal is measured with a standard unit of water. For coal Quality has a new definition.
This is also part of the degree bypass. The production of Wanli Reform, under the influence of the degree bypass, already has the concept of precision measurement, and everything is mathematically defined, so that it becomes more standardized. got up.
“The grassland began to get colder during the Yongle period. From the records of Kaipingwei and Tatar, we can see that during this 170 years, there was a frost-free period near Guihua City. It has shortened from an average of 102 days to an average of only about 81 days now. It only takes less than three months to see cattle and sheep in the wind-swept meadows. Most of the time it is a scene of withered grass and ice and snow." Zhu Zaiyu's expression. He solemnly said: "We are going through a huge test."
"A test from destiny."
"The 81-day frost-free period, this production time is really too short. In the nomadic way, people simply cannot create enough material to meet their needs for a year during this period of time.”
Tianyun is the Ming Dynasty's general name for climate change. This has been a subject that has been ongoing since the establishment of the Royal Academy of Sciences. The test of Tianyun mentioned by Zhu Zaiyu is what later generations often call the Little Ice Age.
People in this era did not have a specific and clear understanding of the impact of climate change before the Royal Academy of Sciences was established and research began.
Now, research from the Royal Academy of Sciences has provided a detailed study showing that the climate test for the Ming Dynasty is intensifying.
During the Ming Dynasty Little Ice Age, the global average temperature dropped by 2°. This may not seem like much, but in fact, because the earth is a water polo, the impact of the Little Ice Age on coastal areas was not particularly severe, but for For Suiyuan, Liaodong, Shaanxi and other places, it is a natural disaster, a natural disaster like the end of winter.
“Because of the kindness of water, the farther away from the huge water body, the greater the temperature change will be. Along with the cooling, the desertification of the land will intensify.” Zhu Zaiyu began to explain the logic.
It’s actually very simple.
The cooling means that the warm and humid trade winds in the southeast are shortened, which leads to a rapid decrease in precipitation. As the frost-free period inevitably becomes shorter, aquatic plants become less lush and the cost of production and living increases. In order to survive, they had to raise more cattle and sheep to help them migrate. The long period of paralysis and severe winds took away the soil, leaving the land deserted, and further increasing the cost of production and living.
The Little Ice Age made the already poor grassland even worse.
"So, opening the sea is the only way to withstand the test of destiny." Zhu Zaiyu said excitedly: "In fact, after we studied the specific heat capacity of water, we found that the temperature in Daming was 177 When the ten years have continued to decline, and will continue to decline, all the Five Classics doctors have only a feeling of despair."
"But soon, we looked up the first year of Wanli to the eleventh year of Wanli. Since the opening of the sea in 2016, the data from the Bureau of Grain Shipping Department are encouraging. What makes us excited is that the grain entering the sea can withstand the reduction in grain production caused by the test of fate! ”
Zhu Yijun shook his head and said: "Uncle Emperor, have you considered the increase in population?"
"Huh?!" Zhu Zaiyu's expression changed. He was stunned for a long time, then shook his head and said: "No, This..."
Zhu Yijun is very good at pouring cold water on him. He poured cold water on Zhu Zaiyu's theory of opening up the sea directly, which made Zhu Zaiyu calm down.
According to the rough model of doubling the population in thirty years, in the thirty-second year of Wanli, or at the latest in the fortieth year of Wanli, the population of the Ming Dynasty will increase to about 240 million. However, the harsh climate will There is no sign of an end. The population is increasing and the weather is getting worse. This seems to have become an unsolvable and desperate dilemma.
“So, the Imperial Academy of Geosciences still has a long way to go.” Zhu Yijun said extremely optimistically: “Life will naturally find a way out. This is an extremely important result in "Tianyan Lun". As a court, If you don’t want to be abandoned by the people, you have to find ways to solve these problems.”
After unifying the six kingdoms, the Great Qin Empire still refused to distribute benefits downward to the Old Qin people, which eventually led to the Old Qin people abandoning them. The Great Qin Dynasty chose to embrace Liu Bang, and under the leadership of Liu Bang, the people of Old Qin conquered the world again.
This is the basic logic. If it cannot meet the needs of the people, the Ming Dynasty will be abandoned. As the emperor, Zhu Yijun’s first responsibility is to maintain the continued existence of the dynasty. No matter how bad the result is, it will be nothing more than a crooked tree. Just the next rope.
Zhu Yijun has been prepared for this for a long time.
“The results of water and fertilizer are not as good as expected.” Zhu Zaiyu reported another sad news, that is, the emergence of water and fertilizer has indeed increased production, but it is also an increase of orders of magnitude, not an exponential increase. .
Population growth is an exponential expansion, and the increase in food production is still only an order of magnitude. Anxiety about food security has not been completely resolved with the emergence of water and fertilizer.
Because a new problem arises: falling down.
A total of 300,000 acres of water and fertilizer experimental fields were built in the 11th year of Wanli. These experimental fields were made into compost, poor fertilizer, half fertilizer, full fertilizer and rich fertilizer for large-scale experiments. The results are in While there is almost no difference between water conservancy and irrigation, water and fertilizer are not as powerful as imagined.
In the case of half fertilizer, it is not much different from compost. The yield of full fertilizer is not as good as half fertilizer and full fertilizer.
The result of being sufficiently fertilized is that the wheat seedlings are too tall and too big, but do not bear ears. The ears of wheat seedlings that are half or even as tall as a person are small and shriveled, and because they grow too high, they will fall apart when the wind blows. There were people lying down all over the land, which made the farmers in charge of these fields very anxious. The wheat seedlings that were fully fertilized were taller than people. This was really an unexpected problem.
The agricultural doctor of Baoqisi is also very worried. This problem is difficult to solve. The yield of half fertilizer and compost is equivalent. The result of full fertilizer is that the wheat seedlings grow too high, and the stalks are thin and tall. The wheat is shriveled and small, and falls over a large area when the harvest season is approaching. These "strange wheat" make the agricultural doctor see it and feel pain in his heart.
With enough fertilizer, instead of increasing production, it actually decreased, and the harvest was only one-fifth of that with half fertilizer.
As for fertility, the result is that the wheat seedlings will be burned and the wheat seedlings will have no chance to grow up at all.
As a farmer, Zhu Yijun knows this feeling all too well. He works hard, but when it’s time to harvest, he has this result. Any farmer will be heartbroken.
The method given by Baoqisi is still to plant with sufficient fertilizer, and it is to use a large area of experimental fields with sufficient fertilizer to find single plants that are still short under the condition of sufficient fertilizer, cultivate and transplant them, and then Through various breeding methods, we have developed seeds that can grow short, have full ears of wheat and have high yields even under sufficient fertilizer conditions.
One breeding experiment takes one year. Only through years of planting and tireless cultivation can we finally get the answer we want. Of course, it is also possible that all our expectations after several years of busy work will come to nothing.
In order to help Baoqisi, Zhu Yijun even issued an order to search for dwarf wheat all over the world and help Baoqisi select and breed improved varieties. As long as they are verified, each dwarf wheat species will be rewarded with five thousand silver.
After breeding and promoting improved varieties, the calculation will be done in units of five or ten years.
This is a journey where I don’t know if I can reach the other side, and there are many thorns along the way, but all those who set out did not hesitate. Even if it cannot be completed now, there will be endless descendants, and there will be endless descendants. It can be completed in one day.
This is the benefit of the cultural inertia of being responsible for history. Once you start, and extend the timeline to a hundred or a thousand years, you will eventually get a response. This is a romance that belongs only to the long history. When Zhuge Liang left In my whole life, I have never walked from Chengdu to Chang'an, but now it has become a thoroughfare.
Being responsible for history is the most fundamental source of Ming’s high moral inferiority. "Your Majesty, no one has told Your Majesty about the anecdote that an acre of land can produce more than a thousand kilograms a year after being fully fertilized?" Zhu Zaiyu asked curiously. According to the nature of Ming Dynasty bureaucrats, this kind of unrealistic advocacy should have started long ago. .
Song Renzong also personally engaged in farming and mulberry farming, but it turned into a face-saving project after two years, because the eunuchs/ministers, in order to please the emperor, removed the wheat with two ears of wheat. They were all put into a piece of land, creating the myth of a thousand catties per mu, which made Song Renzong have no choice but to stay away from the fields.
Good things, under the control of cheap Confucianism, will turn into jokes similar to 'The Emperor's New Clothes'.
"Wang Cifu didn't dare to do this, because I really farmed, and the Daxing County Secretary planned to report such auspiciousness. As soon as the memorial came into the cabinet, Wang Cifu rushed from the Xishan Coal Bureau to the Daxing County Government, and ruthlessly I gave this county clerk a hard lesson, with punches and kicks, bang bang bang, hahaha." Zhu Yijun put his hands on his hips and laughed.
He thought of something interesting. Only Wang Chonggu himself knew what Wang Chonggu's state of mind was when Zhang Juzheng told him about the news from the Daxing County County Register.
Is this the good news? This simply sounded the death knell for Wang Chonggu’s family!
So much so that Wang Chonggu, regardless of his old age, wanted to physically beat the county clerk before he would give up. The dignified Ming Dynasty Second Assistant went to the county office and beat up the county clerk. It can be regarded as a Wanli joke. A little story.
This matter is difficult to operate because the emperor is really hard to fool. If you say that the yield per mu is a thousand catties, your majesty will dare to let Tiqi ride a horse to enclose the land and plant another round under the same conditions. If it cannot be achieved , the wrath of thunder is beyond what humans can bear.
Now is a feudal monarchy, and bullying the emperor is equivalent to putting the whole family on the gambling table.
“Very good, very good.” Zhu Zaiyu kept mumbling, flipping the globe in his hand, with a happy smile on his face.
Zhu Zaiyu obviously has a deep understanding of these tricks of deception. His father's unjust case was caused by this kind of deception.
The meeting between Zhu Yijun and Zhu Zaiyu was based on what they wanted. The emperor wanted Zhu Zaiyu to come to Beijing just to express their close friendship. After all, Zhu Zai had lived in the thatched cottage outside Prince Zheng’s residence for fifteen years. Zhu Zaiyu is a very suitable candidate; but Zhu Zaiyu is just for the precise sextant. People who engage in calendars cannot refuse the temptation of the sextant.
Eleven years passed by in a hurry. Zhu Zaiyu saw with his own eyes that the Emperor of Ming Dynasty grew up from a little fat man to such a strong man. From a child to now he has several children. His Majesty, for the sake of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zaiyu saw all the hard work he put in.
In eleven years, a stone has been covered with heat. His Majesty has been calling him an uncle for eleven years. Zhu Zaiyu was also worried about his nephew who was out of the fifth service. All the efforts of His Majesty , will only lead to greater disappointment.
But it’s okay now, at least Wang Chonggu is really afraid of death and dare not deceive the emperor, nor let others deceive the emperor on the matter of farming and mulberry.
Zhu Yijun and Zhu Zaiyu chatted for a long time about mulberry farming, especially the topic of how to increase production.
Two points of planting, three points of management, and five points of fertilizer. The only thing that does not need attention is the three points of management. Daming's production has never lacked enthusiasm. This is the result of Zhu Yijun's practice.
The fields of Gangmo are covered with wheat stalks, which is a true reflection of the hardworking people of the Ming Dynasty.
On Chaoyang Gate, there is always a figure who likes to stand there and look at it for most of the day.
That was the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun went to the Wufeng Tower in Chaoyang Gate to observe all kinds of things in the world.
At Chaoyang Gate, he saw the rickshaw driver who had to run hard all day without shelter from the wind and rain, the tracker who had the rope pulled into his shoulders and his body tilted so that he could reach the ground with his hand, and the tracker who carried a One hundred and eighty pounds of grain bags, loaders and unloaders going to and from the dock;
At the Xishan Coal Bureau, Zhu Yijun met kiln workers with black teeth and coal washers whose hands were covered with calluses. I saw the master and junior masters in front of the furnace with numerous burns on their bodies, and the dyers in the woolen factory whose hands were discolored by the dyeing vat.
Is it bitter? Tired? Of course it is bitter, of course tiring, but their life is already the dream of countless farmers, because in four words, drought and flood guarantee harvest, a heavy rain, a strong wind, or a drought will make farmers displaced.
Every body that looks a little thin seems to contain infinite power.
If anyone tells the emperor that the people are unscrupulous, slippery, and indolent, if it is an isolated phenomenon, it must exist. Everyone is inert. If you want to deny the overall production enthusiasm of the people of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yijun will definitely face him. Give him a slap and throw him into a kiln to work hard for a few months.
The Ming Emperor, who personally farmed the land, had a very clear understanding of the people's enthusiasm for production.
Zhu Yijun only needs to sort out the relationship between breeding, fertilizer and production, and the people of Ming Dynasty will use their hard work to tell the Ming Emperor what it means that human power can defeat nature.
Zhu Yijun has never doubted this.
Zhu Zaiyu reported on the progress of various major projects in the Imperial Palace. Except for the progress of the steam turbine, which is still zero, everything else is relatively smooth, especially the steam engine. The Ming Dynasty's reciprocating steam engine has gone from sixteen to The horsepower limit has been raised to 32 horsepower, and it is still in the trial run stage. It is expected to achieve an annual production capacity of 4,000 units by the end of the twelfth year of Wanli.
Basically in line with the pace of the Royal Gakuin Academy, the horsepower will double and the production capacity will double in one to two years.
"Is this the lightning tower?" Zhu Yijun walked out of the workshop and stood in front of the two towering lightning towers. Lightning protection can prevent fires, which has practical significance. The Gakuin Academy was also curious. What kind of power is thunder and lightning, so two lightning towers were erected in Gewuyuan.
The two thunder towers are thirty-three feet high, ranging from thick to thin, reaching straight into the sky. They are fixed with several cable-stayed steel cables. There are stone fences around them. The fences stand in eye-catching places. Notice board: No climbing over, avoid thunderstorms.
"Your Majesty, in fact, there are similar lightning rods on the top of the Zhengya Bell and Drum Tower." Zhu Zaiyu introduced the lightning rod design of the Zhengya Bell and Drum Tower. The Zhengya Bell and Drum Tower is the tallest building near the Ming Dynasty Palace. The Zhengya Bell and Drum Tower attracts lightning and can prevent fires.
Sky thunder was the first cause of the fire in the palace, and arson was the second cause. After all, Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty personally burned down the Qianqing Palace and moved into the Leopard Room.
The exquisite design is useless. After the Ming Emperor stopped living in the palace, the palace became a place like a government office. If the ministers hadn't stopped him, with his character, he would have started selling tickets to make money. .
"Will the emperor's uncle's image among the people in the future become that of Lei Zhenzi?" Zhu Yijun looked at Zhu Zaiyu and said happily.
Lei Zhenzi, the god who controls thunder and lightning, and Zhu Zaiyu was doing this at this time, trying to control thunder and lightning.
"Perhaps." Zhu Zaiyu thought about it for a moment and smiled at himself. Lei Zhenzi was also quite funny. Zhu Zaiyu was still alive and had been turned into an Arctic Xuanling Demon. Antarctic Chiyan Guangli, Hongsheng Tianzun, the god of fire, one of the gods of water and fire.
When Zhu Zaiyu knew that he was one of the gods of water and fire, he was just as helpless as he is now. He never believed in ghosts and gods. As the director of the Royal Institute of Natural Sciences, he studied the power of nature and devoted his life to Understand nature, explain the weird things that people don't understand, and prevent ignorance from harming people. Zhu Zaiyu finally recognized the fire god who could become one of the water and fire gods. He pinched his nose and recognized it.
The God of Water and Fire actually expresses the magic of the steam engine to a certain extent, the great power produced by the collision of water and fire.
Thunder and lightning are also within the research scope of the Royal Academy of Geology.
Zhu Yijun left the Imperial Garden with satisfaction and returned to Tonghe Palace. He sat by the dragon pond and flipped through the miscellaneous newspapers in his hand.
"Lao Wange's combat power is really powerful." Zhu Yijun said to Feng Bao with great interest while watching the discussions in the newspapers.
“That’s right, when it comes to cursing people, few people can be the opponent of Wange Lao now.” Feng Bao said sincerely. He who practices Qi Ren Jing sometimes has to avoid its sharp edges. How many Feng Bao I kind of miss the original Wan Shihe. At that time, Wan Shihe was really easy to bully.
Now, Mr. Wange is not easy to mess with.
Wan Shihe's fighting power was so strong that the compilation of "The Compilation and Commentary of Zhuzi Bai Jia" aroused opposition from some people. These people were eagerly discussing that Wan Shihe became a Jinshi as a Confucian scholar, but now he has deviated from the teachings. This is a violation of Confucianism. Betrayal!
But when it comes to quarreling, these cheap Confucians cannot win over Wan Shihe at all, because most of the ways literati quarrel are by citing scriptures. In this regard, the cheap Confucians will definitely lose. The books they read There really aren't many Wanshihe, so he was scolded by Wanshihe in newspapers and couldn't hold his head up.
I originally thought that Lin Fucheng, Li Zhi and others who could fight with the Confucian scholars were already strong, but now Wan Shihe only needed to make a slight move to let the humble Confucians know what cruelty is.
No matter how noisy, the compilation of scholars is still in full swing. Wan Shihe opened a compilation hall under the Royal Institute of Technology to recruit all parties to participate in the grand event. He was originally waiting to see Wan Shihe The lively Confucians did not see the excitement. There was an endless stream of scholars signing up for the compilation hall, and they even had to take the entrance examination to enter.
This is completely different from what the humble Confucians imagined! It has been 1,700 years since Confucianism became a prominent school. From the perspective of cheap Confucians, it is normal that this compilation hall cannot recruit anyone.
The result is that there are not only some, but many, among them, especially the disciples of Legalism who wrote the masterpieces of Legalists are the most numerous.
This has a lot to do with Rupi Dharma. When Wan Shihe received the emperor's order and planted the flag, these people simply took off Rupi and showed off their cards. They stopped pretending. , I am a disciple of Legalism!
In fact, people have always read the works of various schools of thought, otherwise these works should have been lost long ago. For example, "Zhushu" written by Zu Chongzhi and his son was lost because no one understood it. Later, While searching Wang Xijue's house, he found an original copy among the sea of books.
Many classics from hundreds of schools of thought could only be interpreted under the guise of Confucianism when Confucianism was the dominant school.
"Tsk, tsk, it turns out that there were many people in the Ming Dynasty who were just like Mr., who were all Legalist disciples at heart, but the world did not allow it, so they could only dress themselves up as Confucian scholars." Zhu Yijun looked at the news in the compilation hall.
Zhang Juzheng really deserves to die. The things he did are indeed not what a Confucian scholar should do.
The progress of the compilation of scholars is going smoothly, and the rolling momentum of the Wanli Reform cannot be stopped by the humble Confucians.
In the past, it was the cheap Confucians who made the move, and Zhu Yijun could only struggle to deal with it. Now it is Zhu Yijun's turn to make the move. These cheap Confucians with deep roots are powerless to resist.
"Your Majesty, Wang Cifu has sent a memorial. He asks your Majesty to go to the Imperial Academy of Science and Technology tomorrow to award this year's Technical Progress Award, and then go to Xishan Coal Bureau to distribute this year's start-up silver." Feng Bao handed over a memorial. in front of His Majesty.
The Technological Progress Award and the Inauguration Award are two ceremonies that His Majesty will definitely attend after the new year. This time the awards will be held at the Royal Museum of Art, and the Inaugural Award has also been calculated clearly. Each kiln resident can receive nearly 11 silver dividends.
ICBC is one of the important means of downward distribution in the Ming Dynasty.
(End of this chapter)