Chapter 174 Sanyuan Pharmaceutical and the duel between two major capitals
If in another time and space, Yu Yang would definitely choose to be a pharmaceutical factory.
Then they spend a lot of money to create a group of Internet celebrities, launch online shopping on major platforms, and promote direct sales from manufacturers.
However, the times have limited development. Currently, the only online shopping options are eBay, which is invested by eBay in North America, and the newly established Joyo.com.
The former has less than two million registered users, and the latter is even more pitiful. Compared with Internet celebrities who often have tens of millions of fans, it is terrible.
Therefore, if you choose to be a pharmaceutical company, you must send a large number of medical representatives who can speak well, eat, drink, and play tricks to connect with major hospitals.
It's a pity that apart from Fan Tao, I don't have many talents in this field.
The problem is, opening a pharmacy means a lot of investment.
Storefront, decoration, merchandising, salespersons, cashiers, and most importantly, the resident physician.
Some people may say that there is no need for a doctor.
But since we do it, we must do it in the best and most formal way.
Therefore, the total investment in a pharmacy, including medicines, is at least 300,000 yuan.
There are about 1,900 towns and 700 streets in Dongshan, and at least 2,600 stores must be built.
"2,600 multiplied by 300,000, approximately 780 million will be needed."
"780 million?"
Yu Yang picked up the calculator and calculated again.
That’s right, it only costs 780 million to cover a whole province!
“I was shocked. I thought it would cost hundreds of billions.”
Although Sanyuan Heavy Industry has 51 billion, it still has 1.5 billion left.
But Sanyuan Heavy Industry is not the only one we own.
For example, if Sanyuan Agriculture sells Sany soybeans, including the seed money sold to Weicheng Shouguang, it can come up with at least 3 billion in cash.
For example, in the past half year, Sanyuan Agriculture's profits from the sales of fruits and vegetables, plus profits from funeral companies, agricultural and sideline products, barbecue streets and other industries, can still provide another 5 billion in cash.
For example, Sanyuan Building Materials sells cement prefabricated products and steel structure building semi-finished products, which can generate at least 500 million in cash.
For example, if a team sells machine tools by water, they can collect at least 2 billion in cash from multiple channels.
Then there are the financial investment income of the trade hall, the rail consignment income in the factory, the building leasing income in the factory, and the 8.25 billion from selling dogs...
Adding up the bits and pieces, another 20 billion can be made.
"No wonder Old Smith said that running a business is like cultivating a big tree. The main business is the trunk and the side business is the roots."
Yu Yang thought about it and decided immediately that he wanted all the pharmaceutical factories and pharmacies.
Then open the ERP system and make relevant plans.
With the funds, we can build township-level pharmacies throughout the East.
And those funds won’t necessarily run out.
Because the medicines used in distributing goods are supplied by ourselves.
The raw materials for these medicines are donated by Madam, and the only cost is labor, water, electricity and equipment losses.
Then there is the fact that we have a certain foundation.
For example, in Taishi, you can save a lot of money by asking the manager of Sanyuan Fast Food Restaurant to help buy the store next door, supervise the decoration, and be responsible for the distribution of goods.
At the same time, the transport truck that delivers food can also transport medicine, saving money again.
also.
The drug store can use a steel structure, shaped like a sunroom, and can now be processed in batches by Sanyuan Building Materials.
The counter can be handed over to Shiliying Glass Factory, which can now also be processed in batches.
The relevant design was handed over to Jishui Sanyuan Construction Group.
Relevant construction is handed over to Taishi Sanyuan Construction Group, which has many people and strength.
Relevant transportation was handed over to the convoys of Lao Han, Zhang Hai, and Yue Donglai.
Relevant personnel, sales and finance are dispatched from the factory, doctors are recruited from the society, and then a group of fresh graduates are borrowed from Dongshan First Medical University to serve as county-level supervisors, and a group of masters who are good at pharmacology are borrowed from Futu Temple to serve as regional supervisors. and guidance.
Medicine bottles, medicine jars, medicine plates, and medicine bags can be delivered to Sanyuan Plastic Factory.
We have relevant equipment for pharmaceutical packaging and canning, and we can manufacture them.
Pharmaceutical packaging is handed over to Pingdong County Carton Factory.
Drug description, please give it to Jishui Sun Paper.
Medical bandages, medical band-aids, and non-woven masks are handed over to Jishui Ruyi Textile.
"Although this job is a bit small for me, the important thing is to get on the ship, no, the important thing is to participate."
“In this way, the coverage is so wide that there is no need to advertise at all.”
"On the contrary, we can also rent pharmacy advertising space to external parties."
Yu Yang typed on the keyboard, dispatching tasks one by one and giving them a certain amount of funds.
In an instant.
The huge three-yuan agriculture is like a super machine.
From the planting, collection, transportation and processing of raw materials, to the production, canning and packaging of medicines, to labor dispatch, building material transportation, land purchase... everything is done in an orderly manner. high-speed operation.
…
In Yu Yang's view.
The birth of Sanyuan Pharmaceutical means that the company can finally gain a firm foothold in a certain field.
It is not like Sanyuan Agriculture, which is besieged by ADM's huge capital.
It’s not like Sanyuan Heavy Industries, which was dumped by Japanese and German weapons.
Unlike feed and beef, the yield is not high.
It has nearly 10 billion US dollars worth of plant-based raw materials rewarded by Mrs. Smith, the top sister on the list.
It owns various production and processing equipment rewarded by Fujima, the second eldest brother on the list.
He has the valuable experience in medical treatment given by the third oldest brother on the list - the old abbot of the Buddha Temple.
And having the fourth eldest brother on the list - Dongshan Development and Reform Veteran, gave him the green light all the way.
If you include the many folk recipes that the vegetable sellers collected and purchased from all directions based on the medical experience of the monks of the Buddha Temple in the past...
For example, 'bugs eating teeth' is a common problem in infants and young children.
Abandoning the unscientific tooth-smoking bugs and tooth-picking bugs, and after verification by Dongshan First Medical University, Dongyue Hospital, and Sanyuan Hospital, there are still more than 20 effective prescriptions.
For example, it doesn't work in that area.
Using a similar method, we obtained the prescriptions and had them verified by three major medical institutions. The remaining effective prescriptions included those applied to the waist, those applied on the gun tip, those taken orally, as well as ointments and potions used for long-term exercise, and those with insufficient kidney yin. There are still hundreds of kinds of decoction pieces for kidney yang deficiency and yin and yang imbalance.
For example, skin whitening treatment methods such as scar removal, sore removal, acne removal, whitening, etc. are also diverse.
It can be said that once the plant-based raw materials worth tens of billions of dollars in the warehouse are processed, the world of Eastern pharmaceuticals will directly change.
So, early the next morning.
Yu Yang arrived in Laigang City and inspected the Sanyuan Pharmaceutical factory area.
Sanyuan Chemical applied for reorganization in mid-September, completed the capital verification in early November, and liquidated Daniel Smith and ADM in early December, ordering both parties to offset their investments with debt, and then their shareholdings were reduced to zero, completely having nothing to do with Sanyuan Chemical.
Subsequently, Sanyuan Chemical reached a settlement agreement with the workers' conference and supplier alliance.
According to the agreement, the two parties established dozens of business units, and then ordered these business units to invest in Sanyuan Chemical with debts and help Sanyuan Chemical complete its reorganization.
in.
The workers' meeting was led by brothers and sisters-in-law.
The supplier alliance is mainly based on the Yishui Yimeng planting area, but this planting area is invested by shareholders of Sanyuan Agriculture, and is also held by the brothers and sisters-in-law.
Therefore, Sanyuan Agriculture holds 96% of the shares of New Sanyuan Chemical.
However, in the official registration, Sanyuan Agriculture is similar to ADM that was kicked out. Due to unpaid part of the debt, the shareholding ratio was reduced from 50% to 16%, and it is currently the major shareholder.
Therefore, Yu Yang was in danger after danger, and was extremely lucky to become the chairman of Sanyuan Pharmaceutical.
10am.
"Hello, Mr. Yu!"
"Okay, okay, good."
Yu Yang took a quick look around and inspected various production workshops after renovation.
Strictly speaking, pharmaceutical manufacturing is far more difficult than chemical engineering.
But in fact, if you don't pursue perfection or new drugs, ordinary pharmaceuticals can control the entire production line with only a small investment and two or three people who understand the process.
If you switch to Chinese herbal medicine, put aside the newly added component inspection link, and remove the unnecessary organic synthesis, inorganic synthesis, etc., the process of processing a drug will be even simpler, almost exactly the same as producing inks and pigments.
Therefore, the production line for extracting various colors was directly transformed into a production line for producing a single drug.
Even some production lines can produce this today and that tomorrow.
Of course, these medicines are in bulk.
After all, the pharmacy plan has just been distributed, and the marketing application for the relevant drugs has not been submitted.
"Let me try this quick syrup."
"Okay, Director Yu."
A little bit.
A staff member wearing dust-free antibacterial clothing handed out a disposable paper cup from the small window of the closed-loop production workshop.
Yu Yang took a taste of it and felt it was a little different from the ones on the market, "Let's have some of that Shuanghuanglian oral liquid too."
"Dr. Yu, please pay attention to your health."
"Detoxification and detoxification, and that big hawthorn pill, give me one."
"Dr. Yu, please stop eating."
"As the chairman of the board, this is called testing the poison with one's own body."
"..."
…
afternoon.
Dongshan First Medical University, which set up a medical station in the nursery, coveted the treatment of Dongshan Agricultural University and Taishi Transportation College. Seeing Yu Yang starting the pharmaceutical business, he believed that the time had come and he must increase output.
So the president personally led 25 professors at all levels, as well as 12 PhDs, 26 masters, and 159 graduate students to form a luxurious scientific research team that was stationed in Sanyuan Pharmaceutical Factory.
But for Sanyuan Pharmaceutical, its scientific research strength is still weak.
at the same time.
Yu Yang took the AMG Hutouben and came to Xintai City under the jurisdiction of Shiliying Street.
He stood on the roof of the car, looking at this city with only two intersecting main roads, and once again lamented the greed of Old Dong.
Because this city is set up around the reorganization of Sanyuan Chemical Industry and the Yishui-Yimeng Planting Area.
In other words, although Lao Dong does not know what Sanyuan Chemical will become in the future, he hopes that the chemical talents recruited from all over the country, as well as the wealthy farmers attracted from Yishui and Yimeng areas to contract forests, will all stay here.
Therefore, Lao Dong relied on the ability of the development and reform director to bring many colleges and scientific research institutions to Xintai City.
Including Dongshan Radio and Television University, Dongshan Vocational College, Dongshan Labor Technical College, Taishi Workers and Peasants Normal School, Taishi Agricultural Technical Middle School, Taishi Vocational High School, Taishi Business College...
It can be said that this is not called Xintai City, this is called Taishi University Town.
The headquarters building of Sanyuan Pharmaceutical is located in the central area of the city.
It consists of 150 six-story, fourth-level residential buildings, shaped like a Pentagon, with a retro-style exterior, an elevator inside, and a two-story underground parking lot at the bottom.
The project started in September and was completed at the end of December, once again demonstrating that Sanyuan Construction Group has strength in numbers.
A little bit.
AMG Hutou rushed into the headquarters of Sanyuan Pharmaceutical, which has not yet been listed.
Yu Yang got out of the car and came to the lobby. The first pharmacy model house had been completed.
There is a light box at the door, which reads: Sanyuan Pharmacy.
And on the far right, there is an oversized icon: three red and one green four-leaf clover.
Yu Yang pushed open the two thick glass doors and walked into the pharmacy.
In front of you is a circular counter with commonly used medicines displayed on both sides and a cashier in the middle.
And look around.
The glass counter is surrounded by a circle, with medicines arranged in different areas, and then display cabinets are set up against the wall.
Passing through the sales area, behind are the pharmacy warehouse, pharmacy dormitory, pharmacy office area, emergency first aid room...
Fortunately, land is relatively cheap these days, and it doesn't cost much to build a two- to three-hundred-square-meter shop in a township.
It can even take over supply and marketing cooperatives in various places, agricultural machinery stations in various places, etc.
The real person in charge of the company, that is, the disciple of the old abbot of the Buddha Temple who is responsible for sorting out the prescriptions, the general manager of Sanyuan Pharmaceutical, and the over 60-year-old Master Shi En, wearing a glittering red brick pattern cassock, came forward to say hello.
"Dr. Yu."
"Master, there is no need to be polite, just call me Donor Yu."
"Director Yu, it's best to address your job title when you go to work."
"Mr. Shi!"
"Hey, Mr. Yu!"
"..."
Corporal Yu Yanglixian said that for a long time, the company's top executives also gathered in the conference room.
Compared with the grass-roots team of Sanyuan Agriculture, Sanyuan Pharmaceutical finally looks like a super enterprise.
The row of great masters on the left come from Pagoda Temple and overseas friendly temples.
The row of old men and women on the right are the medical experts, descendants of Qihuang, and Xinglin masters that the family has invited, dug, or kidnapped in the past six months.
There are even a few directors of the imaging department, one of the few in the country, who are responsible for experimenting with "various reagents needed for photography and nuclear magnetic resonance."
As well as several nutritionists, they are responsible for preparing food additives, food coloring agents, and even food trace elements potassium powder, sodium powder, calcium powder, iron powder, zinc powder, magnesium powder, etc.
…
Today's meeting is very simple.
Quality, quality, quality.
But as soon as the meeting started, Yu Yang discovered a very serious problem.
Because the newly established Sanyuan Pharmaceutical was actually divided into two factions.
One is 'the medicine may be useless, but it must not kill the person'.
In other words, in order to reduce side effects, it is necessary to reduce the efficacy of the drug. On the other hand, if the drug is very effective but has severe side effects, even if it is a prescription drug and it can only be sold externally after being signed by a doctor, it cannot be produced at home.
The main reason is that we are a new company and cannot withstand any hardships.
This faction is headed by a medical guru and is relatively conservative.
The other faction is headed by the Archmage, "If the disease cannot be cured and the roots cannot be removed, how can we get medicine?" ’
Relatively radical.
Yu Yang was also a little confused about this.
So I thought of ‘immunotherapy’ from another time and space.
"Everyone, do you think this is feasible? For minor illnesses, we can supplement it with drugs that are 'not very effective, but can relieve discomfort' to stimulate our own immune system and complete the cure. For serious illnesses and trauma, we will give special drugs."
The words have not yet fallen.
One of the great masters shook his head and said: "Dr. Yu, we are a pharmacy, not a hospital. If the medicine for a minor illness does not work within two days, the patient will definitely change the temple... No, it will be a change of medicine.
If we take medicine for a serious illness, we have to consider complications, or in other words, if the serious illness is alleviated, it will cause body dysfunction. At this time, other symptoms may occur. It's like an old man who has been smoking for decades and has nothing wrong with him in his nineties. Do you dare to ask him to quit smoking?
Therefore, if you take a strong medicine, you will either have a sudden enlightenment and see the Buddha, or you will get results in one dose. "
Hearing this, the medical expert slammed the table: "You are such a waste of human life, are you monks?!"
"Amitabha, life and death each have their destiny. Donor, you are in trouble."
"Fuck you, will you do the same thing when developing vaccines in the future?"
Seeing the quarrel, Yu Yang stood up and said, "Sorry, I drank too much water on the way here. I have to go to the toilet."
Having said that, he walked out of the conference room and went directly downstairs.
After passing by the front desk, the Archmage caught up from behind and greeted loudly: "Dr. Yu, the toilet is on the second floor."
"Oh, I'm a big bird. It's spacious outside and I can get some air."
After Yu Yang finished speaking, he got into the AMG and ran away.
Wait until evening.
The two major factions of Sanyuan Pharmaceutical came up with two plans without any intervention.
One set is that there are two stores in a town, one is always there, and the other sells medicine until it often goes bankrupt.
The other is to use special medicines in areas that are insignificant, such as trauma, incompetence in that area, scar removal, etc. In other fields, we should be conservative first, and then gradually promote parallel drugs, such as A drugs that are conservative and A+ effective.
Yu Yang asked the general manager Shi En the multiple-choice question.
"Director Yu, this... is best decided by you."
"I'm asked to make decisions on everything, and if you ask your management to do anything, it's better to go back and recite sutras."
"Okay, I'll resign now."
"Wait a minute, master, we can make a compromise. Open two stores in one town. We will invest in store A, and let the business hall come forward to set up self-employed businesses in store B, and then adopt the second plan."
"Dr. Yu, you are really good at making peace with others."
"Thank you for the compliment."
Yu Yang hung up the phone and took a long breath.
This group of great mages is not simple. They are all pharmacists who were shamelessly hired from all over the country, even Nanyang and other places, by threatening the old host.
And medical leaders, etc., are even more complicated.
Most of the time, the vegetable seller inquires first, and the spearman then goes to see the doctor. After confirming that it is the person, he directly carries it back...
So it’s hard to offend both sides.
At this time.
The little spy-female counselor, wearing a long windbreaker and elegant gold-rimmed glasses, walked in resolutely.
"Classmate Yu Yang."
"sit."
"I think you need to understand your opponent's dynamics."
"Oh? Please speak."
"After Old Smith left you, he flew directly to the capital and negotiated with Oriental TV for a whole day. Later, Rejoice, Pantene, Sassoon, Head and Shoulders, Safeguard, Olay, Clairol, Shubao, Cover Girl, Pampers Baby products, as well as Tide, Blue Wave, Gillette, etc., have received a large amount of advertising space, with a total advertising investment of approximately 45 billion.”
"Niubi!"
Really awesome.
Let me ask you, which one of them is not famous?
Who can contract the advertising space for the entire Oriental TV station?
"At the same time, Old Smith has signed many artists from Xiangjiang, Baodao and other places, and they have served as image ambassadors for these brands."
"That's awesome."
"Aren't you in a hurry?"
"Why should I be anxious? My family doesn't make toiletries."
"Well, at the same time, Rumsfeld, hired by the old Bu family, served as the head of Unilever in the East. Instead of advertising, the other party used existing employees to form more than 2,000 sales elite teams to go to Across the country, some are looking for cooperation with barber shops, some with leisure and entertainment venues, some with stores and supermarkets, some with regional agents, and even bringing the market to rural areas.
New Qingyang shampoo, Lux soap and Lux body wash were launched respectively.
As well as launching Omiao bulk laundry detergent and dishwashing liquid, and lowering the price of Chinese toothpaste..."
Unilever is not very well-known. Among its brands, only China Toothpaste seems to be well-known to the public.
But Unilever has more than 400 brands, and it will soon be 100 years old in the East.
And according to official data, 80% of households in cities are using its products.
For example, POND'S facial cleanser.
Such as Sunsilk hair lotion.
Such as Vaseline lip balm and hand cream.
For example, Lipton Yellow Label tea.
For example, many people like to eat crunchy ice cream cones.
Therefore, even though Old Smith is spending a lot of money, he may not be able to defeat Unilever run by Rumsfeld.
What's more, the latter also adopted the strategy of surrounding cities from rural areas, filling Unilever's gaps in the rural market.
Furthermore, based on the above, when it comes to the public opinion battle, name is also one of the winning factors.
One is called Procter & Gamble North America.
One is called Unilever.
I would like to ask, in this era of underdeveloped Internet, ordinary people who can only read news and newspapers to understand world affairs, before they don’t know the truth, which one would they choose?
Especially when the Southern Alliance embassy was bombed and a plane crashed in the southern seas...
"So, don't cross industries. Look, old Smith was a financial thief. When he entered the real business field, he lost at the beginning."
"Classmate Yu Yang, you seem to be crossing lines all the time."
"It won't work if they don't cross over. You see, they are fighting fiercely. Dongfang is making a lot of money, and consumers will also benefit from the price war. But who actually died?"
"Um?"
"It is Dongfang daily chemical care company that will die. Really, after this battle, no matter who loses or wins, Dongfang's local brand will most likely die."
"..."
"In other words, they completely blocked Sanyuan Chemical's path, making it impossible for Sanyuan Chemical to restart."
Yu Yang didn't say anything.
Fortunately, we reorganized our business and turned it into a pharmaceutical company.
…
Unknowingly, we arrived at the end of 1999.
This day.
Sanyuan Agriculture put on lanterns and festoons to wish the return of Macao.
Immediately afterwards, lanterns and colors were put up to welcome New Year's Day.
at the same time.
The war between the two major capital groups also spread to Shili Camp.
The shops are covered with promotional posters for various toiletries, and there is a promotional stall for a cosmetics brand every 100 meters on the main road.
Old Smith even spent money on his own home and rented advertising space on watchtowers on both sides of the highway.
And on January 3rd.
Procter & Gamble North America organized a climb to Dongyue Mountain.
Tens of thousands of employees, wearing uniforms, stretched from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. It was super spectacular and shocked the world.
The next day, Rumsfeld found the Western Kings men's basketball team, which had suddenly emerged in the sports world, and invited him to play a friendly match in North America.
Although the NBA is not very famous in the East, and although North America loves to watch football, the East basketball team going overseas is definitely a sensational stunt in a social context that excludes North America.
Rumsfeld hosted the game in the name of Unilever and said, 'We are Orientals, we use our own toiletries! ’
January 6th.
Oriental Sports Channel, which won the broadcasting rights, easily broke the historical record for ratings.
Wait until 8pm.
The Eastern and Western Kings men's basketball team debuted at the Texas-Houston-Toyota Sports Center controlled by the Lao Bu family.
The three teams in Texas, the San Antonio Spurs, the Dallas Mavericks, and the Houston Rockets, have sent their own stars.
After all, in front of the consortium, celebrities have no room to resist.
And they have to cooperate with the performance to prevent the Xiwang men's basketball team from losing too ugly.
However.
"Ohmygod, IsawSuperman!"
Bang!
Amidst the screams and loud noises, the paid hoplites deliberately shattered the baffle of the basketball stand during the slam dunk and pulled the basketball stand almost to pieces.
Rumsfeld's lips curled up slightly.
He was thinking about how Old Smith would fight back.
Just then.
His assistant ran to the edge of the basketball court and said, "Chairman, Sanyuan Chemical is reorganized and renamed Sanyuan Pharmaceutical."
"If one road doesn't work, how about another road?"
"They have invested in more than 20,000 pharmacies in the East."
"Waste of money, stupid!"
“These stores opened up overnight.”
"???"
…
Hong Kong.
ADM Asia Pacific Headquarters.
Mrs. Smith has returned from North America a long time ago, and at this moment, she is still planning how to encircle and suppress Three-Yuan Agriculture.
In fact, in 2000, the situation of Sanyuan Agriculture was very bad in the eyes of the outside world.
First, Sany soybean oil was removed from the shelves.
Second, it spent 51 billion to establish Sanyuan Heavy Industry, but it was blocked and dumped by Japanese and German companies, and it was completely unable to carry out business.
Third, grain-fed beef, a 10,000-head pig breeding base, and Pingdong Lake aquatic products have been included in the banned import list by more than 60 countries.
Third, millions of tons of soybean meal after oil extraction are piling up and cannot be sold.
Fourth, when winter comes, Shuibo Liangshan begins to decline.
Therefore, in Mrs. Smith's view, three-dimensional agriculture is already shaky.
Just then.
"Madam, Sanyuan Chemical was reorganized and established Sanyuan Pharmaceutical."
"Pharmaceuticals? Is our kid crazy?"
"According to public information, Sanyuan Pharmaceutical will soon launch 1,700 kinds of Chinese patent medicines and open more than 20,000 pharmacies in the East."
"That's crazy. I need to go check on our little friend. I'm worried he's sick."
"Madam, more than 1,700 kinds of Chinese patent medicines use plant-based raw materials. They are in the East and are herbal medicines. Currently, Sanyuan Pharmaceutical has an inventory of herbal medicines with a total value of 10 billion US dollars."
"???"
"Furthermore, more than 20,000 pharmacies opened overnight."
"..."
"Madam? Madam!"
…
The East, the magic city.
Unilever Asia Pacific Headquarters.
Old Smith is anxiously listening to calls from North America.
"Sir, just now, my wife vomited blood and fainted, and was sent to the ICU."
"what happened?"
"Sanyuan Chemical was reorganized and renamed Sanyuan Pharmaceutical. According to public information, Sanyuan Pharmaceutical currently has an inventory of herbal medicines worth 10 billion US dollars and has launched more than 1,700 medicines. In addition, they have sold all over the East overnight. More than 20,000 pharmacies have been built.”
"Why?!"
After Old Smith was stunned, "Ohmygod!"
…
…
Explain.
The drugstore adopts prefabricated steel structures and produces materials in advance. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of migrant workers from Sanyuan Construction Group are dispatched in batches to various parts of the country to demolish old buildings and pour foundations.
Once the steel structure materials arrive via railway, they will be assembled and welded on site to complete the main construction.
Since this type of building does not require much decoration, just put in the counter that was shipped together and you have a store.
Of course, the personnel and medicines are not yet in place.
(End of chapter)