Chapter 111 The deterministic characteristics of classical probability theory and D’Alembert’s mixed mathematical view (23)
"What I told you is just the beginning."
Xu Qingshan did not intend to waste Ye Xincheng's time for too long.
"After the probability theory was formed, Jacob Bernoulli's law of large numbers and the discovery of the normal distribution were the core foundation for the complete formation of probability theory and the rapid development of statistics."
"I see, normal distribution, what about the one we learned?"
Ye Xincheng felt that it was a wonderful feeling when he was listening to Xu Qingshan's popular science lecture.
It was as if I was listening to a book from heaven.
But what is surprising is that I can actually listen to this kind of heavenly book?
“Yes, actually that is also called Gaussian distribution.”
"Gauss, the King of Mathematics?"
Although Ye Xincheng doesn't like mathematics very much, he has heard of Gauss's name.
"Well, although this is only an inconspicuous one among Gauss's many achievements, the Gaussian distribution plays a great role in probability theory. The Gaussian distribution is widely found in nature and social phenomena. For example, indicators such as height and weight can approximately obey the positive state distribution.”
Xu Qingshan briefly told it.
"Even with these, we have already started to get in touch with them in high school. I feel that this probability theory is not that difficult."
Ye Xincheng suddenly felt confident.
It seems that the gap between Xu Qingshan and what he is learning is not too big.
"Wrong."
Xu Qingshan shook his head again and said with a smile.
"This is just the beginning."
"Laplace's contribution truly laid the foundation for probability theory. He proposed the classical definition of probability and defined the concept of probability from the perspective of possibility of realization."
"He also created analytical methods, introduced Laplace variables and Laplace integrals, and studied the roots of polynomials and the properties of symmetric functions."
"Stop, stop, stop."
Ye Xincheng quickly shouted stop.
If things like normal distribution and Gaussian distribution were still within his cognitive scope, then he had never heard of Laplace mentioned by Xu Qingshan.
"That was only two hundred years ago."
Seeing that Ye Xincheng's eyes were spinning, Xu Qingshan said with a smile.
"Later there was Chebyshev's inequality, which I used when I first did a math competition. Later, Markov created the Markov process, which is also one of the foundations of modern engineering applications. "
"Okay, I admit, it sounds like probability theory is actually quite complicated."
Ye Xincheng was resigned to the defeat. He was really listening to the book from heaven.
"complex?"
Xu Qingshan shook his head again.
"Still wrong."
"This is just the foundation of probability theory, and what follows is the rigorous formulation and rigorous beginning of modern probability theory."
"In the 20th century, Kolmogorov adopted the method of measure theory, making probability theory an extremely rigorous science. Kolmogorov's inequality has become a core tool for the analysis of random process phenomena."
“If we were to count the birth, establishment, foundation, improvement, rigor, evolution, and finally becoming a rigorous and widely recognized discipline of a discipline, it would actually involve the efforts and inspiration of countless geniuses.”
Xu Qingshan told Ye Xincheng his opinions on probability theory and even mathematics.
He has been typing at a high intensity recently, but if there is only input but no output, he feels that he will be a little bored.
While saying these words, Xu Qingshan was also constantly sorting out his thoughts.
"The origin and development of probability theory is a long and rich process. From ancient times to modern times, mathematicians have revealed the regularity of random phenomena through continuous research and exploration, and established a complete system of probability theory."
“During this process, probability theory is actually constantly receiving criticism and annotations from all walks of life, constantly integrating and optimizing with various disciplines, and finally it is what we have in our hands today. "
"To the great mathematicians."
Xu Qingshan picked up the "Probability Theory" on his desk.
Ye Xincheng didn't know why, but when Xu Qingshan did this action lightly, he felt very handsome.
He is like the kind of scholar who is full of warmth, but also a lonely academic master.
Very graphic.
only.
However, Ye Xincheng found that Xu Qingshan maintained this movement and did not move. His expression became dull for a moment, and his eyes became empty, as if he had lost his mind for a moment.
"Shan'er?"
Ye Xincheng asked tentatively.
He saw that Xu Qingshan was in a strange state and looked back, but no one was coming.
Now it looks like Xu Qingshan's soul was suddenly taken away.
It is difficult for Xu Qingshan to describe his feelings at this moment in words and actions.
Just now.
When he briefly told Ye Xincheng the mathematical history of probability theory, he seemed to have a complete route mapped out in his mind.
What he saw and learned, section by section in the book, was spinning, dispersing, and reassembling in his mind in a flying manner.
He found that he seemed to have discovered something.
It seems to have little to do with mathematics itself, but it is something that complements mathematics.
Xu Qingshan's eyes were out of focus.
He was completely immersed in his own thoughts, and even if Ye Xincheng touched others, he would not be able to wake him up.
A hot, clear, and turbulent wave poured from Xu Qingshan's chest along his throat and cervical spine, into his brain, and straight to Tianling Gai.
For just a moment, he felt like his spiritual platform was lit up. Others' Yintang turns black, but Xu Qingshan's Yintang shines brightly.
"I think I can write something."
There was joy in Xu Qingshan's words, and he formed a complete train of thought.
"What are you writing? You just couldn't wake me up no matter how you screamed. You scared me."
"Stop talking, you go back to study. I'll ask for leave and go home first."
Xu Qingshan stood up quickly and went to the office to ask for leave.
However, he seemed to be afraid that he would forget this idea. Even though his memory was now far beyond ordinary people, he still took a few homework papers, put a folder on them, and wrote as he walked.
[Deterministic Characteristics of Classical Probability Theory and D’Alembert’s Mixed Mathematics View]
That's right.
What Xu Qingshan was writing by hand was the thesis topic that suddenly came to his mind.
However, what he chose to start with was not the arithmetic and theoretical models of mathematics itself, or the most cutting-edge algorithmic content, nor was it a conjecture solution, which was not that high-end.
He just used what he felt and gained when he was studying probability theory back to its roots during this period as the core, and wanted to express it.
Xu Qingshan felt that he seemed to have found the original intention of learners when writing papers.
Duan Yongming was in his senior year's office at this time.
He has returned from School Lin's office.
He had just come back and sat on the chair. He was leaning back lazily, taking off his reading glasses, ready to relax for a while and then read the questions.
But just when he looked up, he saw Xu Qingshan walking in from outside the office with another folder.
Duan Yongming's heart skipped a beat.
Isn't it?
I just handed over that document, you guy is here again?
Our senior year office is not close to the principal’s office!
I'm an old man, it's okay if you ask me to make one trip, but if you ask me to make several trips, I can't stand it.
Duan Yongming sat up straight and stared at the screen, pretending not to see anything.
He just buried his head, trying to prevent Xu Qingshan from seeing him.
but.
Peeking out of the corner of my eye.
Duan Yongming found that Xu Qingshan was not walking fast and was writing while walking, which made Duan Yongming even more speechless.
Why does this young master still want to write now?
Although Lao Duan himself was in Class 1, he took Xu Qingshan to eat and walk in the cafeteria, and then told the story over and over again many times to save time in order to study.
But he didn't expect that one day the boomerang would hit him in the face.
Look at the folder in Xu Qingshan's hand. It looks like a reminder to make Lao Duan run errands.
"Miss Zhang?"
Xu Qingshan's handwriting speed was not fast. He simply recorded the ideas and angles that appeared in his head.
This will make it easier for you to be organized when the time comes to write your paper.
But when Xu Qingshan entered the office, he didn't see his head teacher Zhang Jingxian.
He had no choice but to go to Duan Yongming.
"Lao Duan?"
"Ah Qingshan, I've already given the share I just gave to Principal Lin. He thinks it's very good, but if you have other ideas, you can wait until the adjustment is completed."
"I want to ask you for a day off, I have something to do."
Xu Qingshan seems to be a little disrespectful of the teacher now, and the person in front of him is still a section chief.
Because when Xu Qingshan was talking to Duan Yongming, his eyes were always staring at the paper on his folder and his pen was constantly moving.
"Ah? Are you asking for leave? Why are you going?"
Duan Yongming was stunned for a moment and then breathed a sigh of relief.
"Didn't you tell me earlier? If you want to go back, you can go back and rest. What kind of leave do you need? As long as it doesn't affect the study of other students. Remember to send me a message when you are leaving. Send me a message when you get home. Don't run around. ,be safe."
Duan Yongming was relieved when he heard that he didn't have to run anymore, and he spoke very boldly.
"Oh, okay."
"I suddenly had an idea and wanted to write a paper. It's more convenient to write on a computer, so I went home."
Xu Qingshan responded.
Duan Yongming is very talkative.
Mainly because of the school's style, scores are all that matters.
Although this is not a score-only theory, Xu Qingshan's score is enough to give him privileges.
If it were in Longjiang No. 1 Middle School, most people there might be more relaxed in their management, but they couldn't break the rules and regulations for Xu Qingshan.
Xu Qingshan nodded.
He just came over to inform me.
"Well, okay, be careful"
"Wait, what are you talking about?"
Duan Yongming reacted, unable to control his volume, and asked loudly.
"hold head high?"
"I said I have some ideas now and would like to go back and use the computer to write a paper."
Xu Qingshan took his eyes away from the folder for the first time since entering the office and looked at Duan Yongming with an innocent face.
The new book of the Blood Red Boss! Go, go, go!
(End of this chapter)