Chapter 256 Soil
Early October is supposed to be the season for seabuckthorn to bear fruit, but the seabuckthorn forest in Jiahe is full of resources and only lasts for one year.
But the inconspicuous seabuckthorn trees play a role in retaining water and soil, preventing wind and sand, and improving the soil.
The weather in Jiuquan during this season is pleasant and the temperature is moderate during the day, which is quite suitable for outdoor activities.
After thinking about it, Guo Yang said to Lao Song who drove to pick him up: "Old Song, go to the Gobi project area and have a look. Do you know where Xie Shijie is?"
Lao Song said: "Mr. Xie and Mr. Yan went to the Golden Pagoda this morning. I don't know when they will come back."
"Then let's go by ourselves."
The Gobi is a natural road. , however, the road leading to the project area has been simply smoothed, and sharp and large stones can no longer be seen.
Neatly arranged sea buckthorn forests are on both sides of the road, like warriors guarding the Gobi.
It's just that it's still young, and the height and crown width are not enough. The wind will still cause erosion to the gap between the two columns, and the sand on the surface will still be blown.
But this situation will only become less and less as the tree grows older.
After passing through the seabuckthorn forest, you will find the vast sea of kenaf. The flowering period has passed, and even the seeds have matured and been harvested, entering the dormant period.
Finally, the car stopped by the Tuolai River. The cliffs here were not so steep. There were a group of machines busy on the river and the Gobi on both sides.
Guo Yang got out of the car and looked at it from a high place. The main reason was that the land was flat.
After staying for a while, the staff in charge of the scene noticed him.
"Hello, Chairman, I am Dai Yang, the technical manager here."
Guo Yang looked at the person, but he had never seen him before. He looked very mature, but not necessarily very old.
"What are you doing here?"
Dai Yang said: "After next spring, seabuckthorn and kenaf will be planted on the riverside and in the Gobi on both sides. This year, we will level the ground first. Dig planting ditches and clear away large rocks at the same time, and replace the soil where it is necessary.”
Guo Yang also realized that planting trees in the Gobi does seem to involve digging windbreak trenches.
"Where are the nurseries? How many seedlings have been bred this year?"
"There are 10 million seabuckthorn seedlings. The current plan for kenaf is to directly sow seeds next year."
Guo Yang calculated After all, 10 million trees is approximately 100,000 acres, accounting for one-third of the Gobi area between the two cities. This ratio is already high enough.
"Is there anything else going on here? Can you come with me for a walk?"
Dai Yang nodded hurriedly and agreed. There were not many opportunities to be with the boss, although he felt that Jiahe's performance this time Investing is difficult to understand.
After getting in the car, after a while, we passed a seabuckthorn forest with black drip irrigation tapes still watering.
Dai Yang thought about how many times he had lost count of the drip irrigation of the 10,000 acres of seabuckthorn forest planted this year.
He couldn't help but said: "Boss, the precipitation here is too little, and the watering needs to be too frequent. Irrigation should be done every 3 to 4 days in spring and autumn, and every 7 to 8 days in winter. , we even need to irrigate once a day in summer.”
“The cost is a bit high. Now 10,000 acres is fine. If it were 100,000 acres, the cost of watering would be excruciating.”
Guo Yang raised his eyebrows and asked: "Do you know the growing environment of sea buckthorn and the amount of precipitation here?"
Dai Yang thought for a moment and then said: "The growth environment of sea buckthorn requires annual precipitation of no less than 400 mm, unless it is grown in hills, valleys and floodplains."
"But the terrain near Jiuquan is south It's high in the north and low in the north. There is still 300 millimeters of precipitation near the Qilian Mountains, but only 39 millimeters in the Mazong Mountains in the north. "
Guo Yang is not surprised, he can get the position of technical manager, he should have mastered these. Very normal thing.
At least he also knows that the annual rainfall in the Gobi Desert in the Hexi Corridor is about 100mm, or even lower.
Guo Yang said: "I remember that in July and August this year, it seemed to rain quite heavily for two days."
"It's two days."
Lao Song, who was driving the car, is a local. Hearing this, he also said: "Every year there seems to be a large rainfall here."
Dai Yang said: "But the Gobi can't retain water. We can't keep watering like this!"
Guo Yang smiled and said: "Drip irrigation pipes can't last that long. Wait until the sea buckthorn forest and red If the hemp grows longer, it should be able to retain water.”
In fact, after the rain in the summer, Guo Yang’s confidence in transforming the Gobi desert has increased a lot.
The biggest characteristics of sea buckthorn and Hanhai kenaf cultivated in seed stores are their strong vitality and water conservation. The effect will be better after forming a plant group.
As long as the seedlings are watered during the seedling stage and the roots are thoroughly rooted, the annual rainfall will be enough to maintain their normal growth.
But Dai Yang didn't know this. His many years of farming told him that if sea buckthorn wants to produce good fruit, irrigation conditions are also very important.
Although there are water sources in the Gobi, the cost of drip irrigation is high!
The cost of renovation and planting is evenly distributed to 1,500 yuan per mu, but it requires an investment of thousands of yuan to build the head of the pump house, bury the main pipe, and lay drip irrigation belts.
Coupled with employee wages and annual water bills, Dai Yang feels that he has no hope of repaying his capital by only growing seabuckthorn and kenaf.
At this time, Guo Yang saw a car parked on the roadside ahead.
After observing, I found three people in the seabuckthorn forest, with hoes in their hands, digging something.
"Stop, there is someone over there."
Dai Yang also noticed the situation in the seabuckthorn forest, "It seems to be Professor Ma Rui and his students."
The three people in the seabuckthorn forest also noticed someone coming. They looked up and their eyes met, and they recognized each other.
"Boss Guo."
"Professor Ma."
Guo Yang looked at the student holding the hoe, and there was a freshly baked sea buckthorn tree lying at his feet. , there is a big pit next to the sea buckthorn tree.
Ma Rui said with a smile: "It has been almost a year since I planted it. Let's see how the growth is going."
Jiahe has long-term cooperation with Agricultural University, and Professor Ma Rui’s team is the agricultural planning team for this land in the Gobi.
It was Professor Ma’s suggestion to plant sea buckthorn in the first place.
Guo Yang asked curiously: "How is the situation?"
Professor Ma replied with a smile: "Very good, the effect completely exceeded our expectations."
As he spoke, Professor Ma walked a few steps forward, arrived at the dug pit, and then picked up the seemingly short sea buckthorn tree.
"In just one year, the height of sea buckthorn trees generally reaches 80cm, and the adult sea buckthorn tree is only 1.5 meters."
"The most important thing is the root system. The main root is too deep and it is estimated to have exceeded The tree is tall. "
Guo Yang, Dai Yang, Luo Xiu and Lao Song all gathered in front of the tree and pit, and saw that the main root of the dug sea buckthorn tree had been broken.
In the pit that is more than half a meter deep, there is still a taproot, and there are also many fibrous roots scattered around.
These dense fibrous roots pass through the cracks of the stone, or is it more appropriate to describe it as a package?
Because if you look at it this way, the soil in the gaps between the stones is fully utilized by the seabuckthorn roots.
Dai Yang already looked like he had seen a ghost. The sea buckthorn tree prevents wind and fixes sand. Everyone in the northwest knows this, but does it prevent it like this?
This is a bit of soil that I don’t want the wind to blow away!
Dai Yang jumped into the pit and dug it with his hands. The stones still hurt his hands. It was real gravel!
He asked: "Professor Ma, if this tree grows bigger, will it really be able to retain water?"
Professor Ma smiled and said: "In this situation, the water retention capacity is very strong. When we first dug, the soil underground was still moist."
Dai Yang said: "That's because we regularly dig It's moist, so it's moist."
"This may be part of the reason," Professor Ma analyzed and walked to another row of sea buckthorn trees.
“Look around these trees. In the Gobi Desert where no grass grew before, you can now see annual plants such as halophytes, teff, and five-star artemisia completing their life cycles.”
“At the same time, occasionally There are also seeds of super xerophytic shrubs such as red sand and gypsophila, which can grow into full-grown plants, bloom and bear fruit as long as there is rainfall. ”
Dai Yang walked over and pulled out the weeds next to the tree.
“These weeds will also consume the fertility of the soil and affect the quality of seabuckthorn planting.”
Guo Yang was also observing. It was already October, and the temperature difference between day and night was extremely high. Many of the large, annual plants have died.
But you can see the remaining dead branches and leaves.
He remembered that there was an introduction in the seed store about sea buckthorn, and it was more effective when forming a plant community.
"Professor Ma, are these plant communities?"
Professor Ma nodded and said: "One-year-old teff and other plants are the dominant plants in the herbaceous layer, and they all have the characteristics of short-lived drought avoidance.
In addition to the artificially planted sea buckthorn, the dominant species in the shrub layer are super xerophytes such as red sand and bubble thorn; there is currently no tree layer.”
“Shrubs and herbaceous plants have already been formed here. "The trend of the main plant community."
Hearing this, Guo Yang understood carefully. In addition to the joy brought by the trend of the plant community, two other words also attracted his attention.
Short-lived and drought-resistant, super xerophyte.
If I understand correctly, these are the dominant plants in the Gobi Desert.
It is equivalent to finding another direction for him to collect germplasm resources.
Guo Yang asked: "Will manual removal of weeds in the planting area affect the formation of this plant community?"
Dai Yang also looked over. Irrigation and weeding can be said to be the main processes in the management of seabuckthorn seedlings.
Weeds compete for the water and fertilizer of sea buckthorn seedlings, thus affecting the growth of sea buckthorn. If the weeds cannot be eradicated, the benefits of later fruiting will definitely be affected.
Professor Ma pondered for a moment and said: "Weeding definitely has more advantages than disadvantages. If you want to form a plant community early, you can only get rid of the weeds around the tree disks."
"In the Gobi Desert In vegetation community areas, due to the harsh natural environment, they are easily constrained by resource factors, and species must coexist under conditions such as water and fertilizer shortages. As a result, in addition to having similar ecological characteristics, they also have a competitive relationship. ”
"But we are mainly cultivating sea buckthorn trees. Naturally, other plants need to adapt. In the long run, plants that can adapt will have many complementary characteristics."
"As a result, there are differences in the ways of utilizing resources, and different plants adapt to each other and evolve together, so that species and the environment are harmonious and unified."
"In the end, a relatively stable plant community can be formed."
After listening to Professor Ma's words, Guo Yang really understood the meaning of plant communities.
In the past, what he understood was that sea buckthorn was a forest.
But now that I think about it, the seabuckthorn forest is only the most basic step. If we want to fully utilize the ability of seabuckthorn and kenaf to conserve water sources.
Biodiversity is also essential.
So, it is still necessary to communicate more with experts and professors in these industries. Just like this time, Guo Yang learned a lot from Professor Ma Rui.
Guo Yang asked: "The same situation is true for Hanhai kenaf, right?"
Professor Ma said: "The situation of kenaf is better, and it is more suitable for planting on river banks. Lakeside and wetland areas."
Guo Yang extended his right hand to Professor Ma and said, "Professor Ma, thank you for your efforts. I will trouble you to monitor more later."
"We are also looking forward to Jiahe. If we can really change the Gobi landscape, it will be something worth writing about for the whole country."
"That's for sure."
Two They shook hands and said goodbye.
Then Guo Yang went to the nursery to have a look and found that the entire facility was already very complete.
Outdoors, greenhouses, open fields, nutrition cups, some have been propagated for half a year to a year, and some have just been cut.
Sea buckthorn seedlings are 1 to 2 years old and are most suitable for planting.
With careful management, transplanted seedlings like this will take less time to bear fruit than live seeds.
The reserves of kenaf seeds are also sufficient. According to this situation, as long as the manpower can keep up, the 300,000 acres of Gobi between the two cities can be sown and transplanted next year.
Similarly, Jiahe’s headquarters is also under preparation.
Guo Yang felt that this trip was really not in vain.
……
At the same time.
On the Jinta's pasture, the plowshares were driven by the Cheetah tractor to easily turn over the soil, and the roots of the green manure were intertwined, attracting exclamations.
Several experts and professors couldn’t wait to walk into the land.
The soil is deep and soft, and you can feel the rich nutrients and moist touch with just a handful of it.
"This soil is so fertile!"
"I even thought for a moment that I was back in the Northeast and standing on the black soil."
"The soil in the severely saline-alkali land can be improved to this after planting green manure. To this extent, this is the first time I have seen it in the crowd.
Su Guozhou from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Dr. Zhou from the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture looked at each other and laughed in tacit understanding.
In just four years, so many incredible things have happened in this land.
Dr. Zhou, in particular, is deeply shocked by the changes here every time he comes, and this time is no exception.
In the past few years, he has come here to test the soil almost every once in a while, and this time is no exception, and he also brought some soil science experts.
Dr. Zhou stood up and said: "According to our long-term monitoring, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil here have changed greatly."
"Soil organic matter, soil organisms Quantity, soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, etc., can definitely be called a high-yield field. ”
After Dr. Zhou introduced various detailed soil data, Su Guozhou also stated the upper-level purpose.
“Everyone knows the benefits of planting green manure, but green manure planting in our country is still in the stage of small-scale application.”
“Growers lack the awareness of planting and utilizing green manure, and are incompatible with it. The supporting technologies for green manure are not complete either. ”
“So this year the country has set up a major project to clarify the improvement effect of green manure planting on soil in various regions based on regional differences, and to establish the optimal database for each region to provide growers with information. Accurate and comprehensive reference standards. ”
“In addition, the method of returning green manure to the field should also be studied according to different crops, such as intercropping, crop rotation, fallow green manure... etc. ”
The technical experts present include those from Northeast China, Shandong, Hebei, and Jiangsu, all of whom are key promotion areas for Alfalfa No. 1.
Hearing this, they all responded with a smile.
If the coastal saline-alkali land can achieve this effect in a few years, then they will be able to benefit from it.
However, the situation in different places is different. How can we achieve the best improvement effect and help farmers obtain the greatest benefits?
These are all points worthy of study.
They can also use this research to obtain project funding, publish papers, and improve their professional titles. In short, everyone is happy.
The other side not far away.
Xie Shijie, Yan Qun and Cai Bin were also communicating.
Cai Bin said: "Mr. Yan, do you really want to keep all of it for crushing green manure next year? Such a large area must not be used to smoke next year!"
Zhang Wei has resigned and returned to his hometown. , Cai Bin is temporarily taking over Donghe Agricultural Machinery.
Although Donghe Agricultural Machinery's team is large, Jiahe covers more and more areas and is still very scattered.
Jinda’s 200,000 acres of grassland needs to be plowed with green manure, and it has also contracted 500,000 acres of saline-alkali wasteland, which will also be used this winter.
In addition to Zepu’s 500,000 acres, Wuyuan has more than 200,000 acres.
These are Jiahe’s own bases, and it is expected that they will all be overhauled next year.
Tianhe has also signed a seed production base worth hundreds of thousands of dollars with farmers. These are also businesses that Donghe Agricultural Machinery can win.
The task is extremely heavy.
Yan Qun pondered for a moment and replied: "Seed corn cannot be sown until May, which still takes more than half a year!"
"The most suitable time is March next year. Green manure is then fermented and decomposed for a month, and then rotary tilled. In this way, after the alfalfa No. 1 rots, it can be converted into at least four to five tons of organic fertilizer, which can save thousands of dollars in fertilizer purchases per mu. "
Cai Bin said. : "This soil is already good enough!"
Yan Qun refused to give in, saying: "Alfalfa No. 1 is a high-quality organic green manure, so it is natural to maximize the soil improvement effect."
Cai Bin couldn't help but show a bitter face, thinking about countermeasures.
Xie Shijie said: "Alfalfa has to rely on your one or two hundred people to open up one million acres of land. This winter, we can first prepare the land and deep plow it, and then we can start rotary plowing in spring."
Seeing Cai Bin's worried face, Xie Shijie patted him on the shoulder thousands of times.
"If you can win the land reclamation work this winter, your position as the general manager of Donghe Agricultural Machinery will be secure."
The opportunity is right in front of you, and Cai Bin naturally wants to do it. Get a grip.
He originally only drove agricultural machinery by profession, but he was able to get this opportunity entirely because he joined Donghe Agricultural Machinery early, and the boss couldn't find a suitable candidate for a while, so he was asked to take over.
I don’t know if I can become a regular employee if I do well, but if I don’t do well, there will definitely be no chance at all.
Cai Bin thought about it for a while and made up his mind, either to update the machine or to expand the team.
Just do it.
(End of this chapter)