Chapter 221 Should classical physics be abandoned?
Li Qiwei’s speech won applause from everyone in the conference room.
Everyone agrees from the bottom of their hearts.
Li Qiwei deeply conquered everyone with his unparalleled physical intuition and far-sighted physical perspective.
At this moment, the big guys present seemed to understand one thing.
That's why Bruce has no new results for six or seven years. It's not because he is wasting time or his inspiration has disappeared.
But because of his extremely clever genius, he can be called the number one genius in physics. It will take close to 10 years, or more, to complete.
How terrifying is general relativity!
At this moment, the big guys have begun to look forward to the day when it will be released.
It will definitely cause the biggest shock in history in the world of physics!
It still takes so long for a genius to rival Newton. The theory of relativity is so amazing that it is destined to exceed the limits of everyone's imagination.
However, the theory of relativity is almost Li Qiwei's one-man show, and only Einstein can drink soup next to him.
So those present will not discuss it in depth.
What they value is a new theory created with atomic research as the core mentioned by Li Qiwei.
This is an achievement that is not inferior to the theory of relativity.
And currently, Li Qiwei’s research in this field is not much ahead of his peers.
At the same time, everyone also admired his broad mind.
Obviously they already have specific directions and ideas, so the other party doesn’t have to bring it up and just study it silently.
Wait until there are results before publishing them publicly.
But Li Qiwei made his ideas public without reservation, allowing all physicists to participate in this physics feast.
What a dedication!
Roentgen, Planck, Lord Rayleigh, Thomson and other big names now no longer dare to regard Li Qiwei as a junior.
The other party has fully grown up, has its own perseverance and personality charm, and is in a league of its own.
Academically, everyone is equal.
Even in terms of academic level alone, they still need to look up to him.
At this time, Wien suddenly asked: "Bruce, although you have used quantum theory to explain the problem of black body radiation, do you know the story behind black body radiation?"
Just after Wien finished asking, Röntgen and Rayleigh The Lord and other older generation physicists suddenly thought of that era, and they seemed to have guessed what Wien was going to ask.
Li Qiwei looked at Wayne and said respectfully: "I'm still young. Please tell me in detail, professor."
Ween said with half nostalgia and half seriousness: "More than fifty years ago A long time ago, physicists at that time discovered a very common phenomenon. "Iron objects emit different colors of light at different temperatures."
"For example, to keep warm in winter, use an iron rod to stir the firewood. When the iron rod is heated by the flame, it will emit light."
"As the temperature increases, the color of the object changes from red, to yellow, and finally to into blue or white."
"Later, physicists discovered that even if they are different materials, as long as they have the same temperature, the color of the light they emit will be the same."
" And no matter what shape the material object is made of, it will not affect its luminescence."
"At that time, Professor Kirchhoff of Germany was very interested in this phenomenon."
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"He himself has a very deep knowledge of spectroscopy, so he wanted to understand the principle."
"He knew that objects glow when heated because they radiate light and energy outwards."
< br>“So, he wanted to do an experiment to test the relationship between the temperature of an object and its radiation intensity at various frequencies of the spectrum.”
“To put it simply, he heated the object to different temperatures. , measure the light emitted at different frequencies, and calculate the intensity of each frequency of light. "This is the energy distribution of the radiation spectrum of the object at different temperatures."
"This is a very good research topic."
"Because once physicists have these data, they can reversely measure the radiation spectrum of the object to infer the temperature of the object."
“For example, you can measure the radiation spectrum of molten iron, and then you can deduce the temperature of the molten iron.”
“You can even measure the radiation spectrum of the sun, and you can deduce the temperature of the sun.”
After Wayne said this, he immediately caused a small group of exclamations.
The younger generation did not think about the problem of black body radiation, and there are stories like this.
Li Qiwei was also very emotional. Physicists are indeed the smartest people in the world.
I am afraid that Kirchhoff studied the energy distribution of radiation, and then went on to conduct an in-depth study of the spectral line distribution of the flame reaction.
Just by analyzing the properties of materials on the earth, we can know the composition and temperature of the sun, which is extremely far away from the earth.
The mystery of the universe seems to be nothing to fear at this moment.
No wonder those European rich and nobles like to invest in scientific research.
Compared with this great achievement, the material wealth and status they possess seem so boring and not worth mentioning.
The maid sister is not as fun as the sun.
At this time, Wien continued: "In order to theoretically study the radiation energy distribution of objects, Professor Kirchhoff must create a perfect model."
"This model It does not reflect any electromagnetic radiation, and the light it emits is all emitted by itself. ”
“This is also the concept of a black body.”
“But there is no perfect black body in nature.”
“So, Professor Kirchhoff thought of a clever idea. He wanted to artificially create a black body. Come out."
"He created a hollow ball with a small hole on the surface. The surface of the ball is an insulating layer and the inside is a material that can absorb electromagnetic waves."
"If light comes from. If injected through a small hole, it will be completely absorbed by the material inside and no radiation will be emitted.”
"The heat outside is also blocked by the insulation layer."
"In this way, as long as we energize and heat the ball, the radiation it emits must be its own radiation."
"Since this model was proposed, it has been immediately favored by physicists."
"In the following decades, many people studied the blackbody radiation problem."
"Everyone Everyone wants to find a formula that can perfectly describe the relationship between the radiation intensity and spectrum of a black body at different temperatures.”
"Everyone knows what happened later." "I discovered the radiation formula in the short-wave region, and Lord Rayleigh discovered the radiation formula in the long-wave region."
"But this Neither formula can perfectly match the experimental data."
"This thorny problem was not solved until the quantum theory of Bruce and Planck was proposed."
Wait until Wien. After telling the story about the black body radiation problem, juniors like Bohr listened with great enthusiasm.
These stories are impossible to see in physics textbooks. They will only learn those formulas.
But these stories are the background and foundation of physics, and are the best materials for cultivating physical thinking.
Memorying formulas by rote is tantamount to buying a casket for a pearl, discarding the basics and chasing the weak, and falling behind.
At the same time, Bohr was fortunate that if he had not attended such a high-level meeting, he would never have heard the story behind this knowledge.
Even Li Qiwei was attracted by Venn's story.
This story is a perfect example of how physicists do research.
Discover phenomena in daily life, analyze the causes, put forward hypotheses, and test and verify them.
The seemingly simple logic contains the efforts and sweat of countless sages.
Li Qiwei knew that Professor Wayne could not simply want to tell a story, he must have a profound purpose.
Sure enough, at this time Wayne continued: "Bruce, I am not telling you this story to show off my achievements."
Everyone laughed.
“But I feel something after listening to your explanation of classical physics and modern physics.”
“I am worried that after this statement is put forward, there will be more and more More and more young students or scholars will give up studying classical physics."
"Because there are obvious errors and unexplainable phenomena in classical physics."
"Then why don't they. Learn more advanced relativity and quantum theory directly. ”
“In the future, no one will study classical physics anymore.”
“However, Professor Kirchhoff discovered classical physics precisely because of his in-depth research and thinking about classical physics. "
"This shows that the potential of classical physics is far from being exhausted."
"I don't want it to become history."
< br>"Bruce, do you think classical physics should be abandoned?"
Wow!
When Wayne's final question was raised, those present finally understood the painstaking efforts he put into telling the story.
This is the feeling of the older generation of physicists towards classical physics.
After Professor Wien proposed the Wien radiation formula, there were no more significant results.
In the past ten years, the endless emergence of physical theories and phenomena has dazzled him, and even created a sense of frustration.
He felt that he was old, could not keep up with the times, and was abandoned by the young physics geniuses.
He suddenly realized why Lord Kelvin, who was obviously highly respected and an authority in the field of physics, agreed to the bet from Bruce, a young boy.
Thinking about it, he was also stimulated by the discoveries of X-rays, radioactivity, and electrons.
He needs young minds and young blood to keep himself sensitive to physics forever.
Li Qiwei was in awe of Professor Wien.
What he respected was not Wayne as a person, but as a group represented by him.
They built the first three floors of the physics building.
Even though cracks are now beginning to appear on these three floors, the credit of the builder cannot be denied.
The importance of the first three floors cannot be denied.
Without these first three layers of foundation, the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics would not have been possible.
Li Qiwei said firmly: "Professor Wien, I understand what you mean."
"Although I divided classical physics and modern physics, I also pointed out several cracks in classical physics."
“But this does not mean that I deny the value of classical physics.”
“Although I think the special theory of relativity has overturned Newtonian mechanics and the concept of space and time, of course, everyone still Don’t admit it.”
Everyone smiled knowingly.
"However, I will never think that Newtonian mechanics is useless."
"Newtonian mechanics is still the most applicable theory when dealing with various daily mechanical problems."
" Because at macroscopic low speeds, there is no need for relativity."
"Similarly, although many new physical phenomena have been discovered, they cannot be explained by classical theory."
"But this does not mean. They are useless.”
"Whether it's wired telephones or wireless telegraphy, they are all based on the theories of classical physics."
"It has profoundly affected our world."
"The older generation of physics The family will not be abandoned, and their achievements will always be remembered by future generations."
"And the responsibility of our younger generation is to open up a broader future for physics based on their foundation."< br>
“As Newton said: I can see further than others because I stand on the shoulders of giants.”
With that said, Li Qiwei looked at the older generation in the field and said loudly: "And you seniors are our giants."
"Classical physics is the giant of modern physics."< br>
“Classical physics should not and will never be abandoned!”
Boom!
Thundering applause erupted once again in the venue.
Li Qiwei's remarks will make both the older and younger generations fall in love with him.
His emotional intelligence is almost as high as his IQ.
(End of this chapter)