Chapter 220 If Li Qiwei was not born, physics would be like a long night!
London, in the small conference room of the Langham Hotel, the first blues conference began.
The people sitting in the audience are all giants in the field of physics today.
Everyone is wearing formal clothes to show their importance to this meeting.
Under the auspices of Lorenz, Li Qiwei strode firmly to the front of the crowd, ready to start his keynote speech.
He first bowed to everyone, and then glanced at them, calm and calm.
“My good friend, Professor Rutherford, once said something.”
“He said that all natural sciences, except physics, are stamp collecting.”
“Although this statement is a bit radical, I agree with his point of view.”
Wow!
Li Qiwei's opening remarks shocked everyone present.
Fortunately, all the people sitting here are physicists. If there were chemists present, they would definitely be pounding the table with excitement.
The big guys glanced at Rutherford in unison.
Rutherford was a little embarrassed and quickly denied it three times, I'm not, I didn't, don't talk nonsense.
It turns out that after Rutherford won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, he was not proud, but ashamed.
He always considered himself a pure physicist, not a chemist who only played with bottles and jars.
So, Zeng complained to Li Qiwei in private and said that.
Li Qiwei looked at Rutherford with a smile, good friends are meant to be betrayed.
“There are several buildings standing in the land of natural science.”
“Physics is undoubtedly the tallest and most gorgeous building among them.”
"The building of physics has the two most solid foundations: the logic system and the verification system."
"It is precisely because of logic and verification that physics becomes the first of the natural sciences."
"Countless other disciplines are derived from the foundation of the physics edifice."
"The materials used to build the edifice are various natural phenomena, and the tools used are mathematics."
"The first floor of the building is Newtonian mechanics."
"Newton only used three laws and a formula of universal gravitation to unify the relationship of forces between all things in the world."
"Behind the complicated phenomena, whether in the sky or on the ground, the truth is so simple. , clear.”
“The apple falling to the ground and the moon rotating around the earth are actually the same force at work.”
“It seems that nature is telling us what the truth of physics is. It’s wonderful.”
“It can be said that Newton set an example and told those who came after us how to build the building of physics.”
"That is, behind countless different phenomena, there must be a unified mechanism hidden."
"And this mechanism must be simple and beautiful."
"It will definitely not be like the original geocentric theory. Similarly, for the sake of rationality, dozens of large rings were nested within small rings. "
"So, under the influence of this kind of thinking, physicists built the second and third floors of the building. Maxwell's electromagnetism and thermodynamics"
"Their forms are equally simple and perfect"
"Maxwell's four systems of equations unify electricity and magnetism."
"Electricity, magnetism, light, electromagnetic waves, electricity generates magnetism, and magnetism generates electricity. These completely different natural phenomena all follow the same law. . ”
“Nature once again demonstrates the beauty of its simplicity.”
“With just four formulas, physicists conquered electromagnetic waves and light.”
"The three laws of thermodynamics explain all thermal phenomena in nature."
"From the law of conservation of energy, to the impossibility of inventing a perpetual motion machine, to the impossibility of reaching absolute zero."
"Three sentences summarize the truths that pervade the universe."
" Therefore, I can now understand why the late Lord Kelvin expressed such emotion at the meeting of the Royal Society. "
"The building of physics composed of the three major theories of physics. From any aspect, it is perfect and indestructible."
"Although it is only three floors, its height has already touched the truth in the sky."
"All the secrets of everything in the world are hidden in this building."
"There are many different rooms on each floor, and each room is a branch of physics."
“Many physicists spend their entire lives working just to decorate one of the rooms.”
“If time stops at the moment the building is built, it will become an eternal classic. ."
"So, I call the physics of this period classical physics."
Li Qiwei's opening sentence silenced all the big guys present.
Especially the older generation of physicists such as Röntgen, Lorenz and Lord Rayleigh were deeply touched.
They have been bathed in the sunshine of classical physics since childhood, using mechanics to calculate the orbits of celestial bodies and electromagnetism to calculate the strength of magnetic fields.
In their minds, classical physics is omnipotent.
Mastering it is like mastering the world.
They once thought that physics had come to an end and that there would be no more new theories.
The Physics Building will not have a new floor either.
However, they couldn't be more wrong.
Li Qiwei had a panoramic view of the expressions of the bosses.
His eloquent talk made the seniors remember the glory of the past.
However, the world is always moving forward, and physics is no exception. There is never an end.
“As time goes by, physicists have discovered that this seemingly unbreakable building of physics has several cracks.”
“Lord Kelvin once said that the biggest There are two cracks, one is a blackbody radiation problem, and the other is an ether problem. "
"Now we know that if we want to repair these two cracks, we cannot rely on simple painting, but on the three-story building. Based on this, continue to build upwards.”
“If you want to solve the blackbody radiation problem, you have to build the quantum theory layer; if you want to solve the ether problem, you have to build the relativity theory layer.”
"Of course, these two floors are far from being completed, but I am confident that they will be completed next."
"Especially the relativistic layer, it will be built first."
< br>Everyone was shocked after hearing this.
Bruce's strong self-confidence appeared again.
Dark Cloud Conference, Quantum Conference, Nobel Prize Conference, Relativity Conference, Bruce has all made bold claims to change physics.
The scary thing is, he almost did it all.
Could it be?
At this moment, the big guys present couldn’t help but guess, has the general theory of relativity that Bruce mentioned before been completed?
Otherwise, why would he have the confidence to speak out and be able to solve the cracks in the ether problem?
Since quantum theory and special relativity were proposed, physicists have a love-hate relationship with them.
Love it because these are two completely new theories that represent an infinite future.
I hate it because these two theories are too elementary and cannot be deepened at present.
Quantum theory was first proposed, but currently it seems to have no other use except for the photoelectric effect and the specific heat of solids.
It’s hard to believe that it will be a great theory.
Not to mention the theory of relativity, so far, it cannot even be verified experimentally.
The only verification is the electron mass experiment, but the error is too big.
Physicists currently do not recognize the experimental results.
The most important thing is that there is still a fatal flaw in the special theory of relativity that has not been solved.
This leads to its status, like quantum theory, being very embarrassing.
Li Qiwei certainly knows this situation, and this is also the focus of today's meeting.
"In addition to the two largest cracks, there are also some small cracks, which Lord Kelvin did not mention at the time."
"The first small crack is the photoelectric effect problem, although it has been solved now."< br>
“But I know that there are still many physicists who do not admit that light is quantum.”
“Because they cannot imagine how continuous electromagnetic waves can be discontinuous. ”
“I once read a paper by someone who believed that light is quantum only at the moment of absorption and release. ”
"Under normal circumstances, light is still continuous."
"I have to say, this is a genius idea."
In real history, when Planck proposed the concept of quantum, This idea.
This is also the limit of his compromise with classical physics.
“But I think this is actually a compromise.”
"A manifestation of not daring to abandon classical physics."
"Next, I will prove the correctness of light quantum."
Li Qiwei's words cheered everyone up. It seems that Bruce has already thought of it. method.
“The second small crack is the problem of the spectrum of elements.”
“Professor Lorenz, Professor Sommerfeld, you two are authoritative experts in spectroscopy.”
"You two should acknowledge the importance of this crack."
After speaking, Lorenz and Sommerfeld nodded lightly.
Lorentz won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his study of the relationship between magnetic fields and elemental emission spectra.
But so far, he still does not understand the fundamental mechanism of the Zeeman effect (Chapter 135).
In the future, Sommerfeld will explain this problem perfectly and even lead to an anomalous Zeeman effect, but that will depend on Pauli.
"The third small crack is the arrangement of the periodic table of elements."
"Since Professor Rutherford discovered the nature of radioactivity, their research group has discovered more and more new elements." According to the existing rules of the periodic table, there is no place for these new elements."
"So, I think there is a problem with the periodic table."
< br>“The position of an element is definitely not only related to the atomic weight.”
Li Qiwei's words immediately triggered an exclamation.
The creation of the periodic table of elements can be said to be the pinnacle achievement in the field of chemistry.
All the material components of the universe are contained in a small table.
Now, however, Ridgway has publicly said it was wrong.
How can it not cause shock.
But Rutherford was very calm. He had actually felt this way for a long time.
When he and Sodi were studying radioactivity, they discovered a problem with the periodic table of elements.
But he has never found a good theory.
In real history, this problem will be completed by Soddy and Bohr.
Li Qiwei continued: "As for the fourth small crack, I think it is a field."
"Field?" Everyone looked confused.
This concept of classic electromagnetism has been used for more than sixty years and has never encountered any problems.
At this time, Lang Zhiwan couldn't help but ask.
"Bruce, electric field, magnetic field, the concepts of fields are clear and concise, don't they just meet your requirements for physical theory?"
"What's wrong with it?"
Li Qiwei said: "Although we know a lot about fields and use them to solve many problems."
"But I want to ask everyone here about the nature of fields."
"You guys Do you think it is a wave or a particle?"
Li Qiwei's question made the bosses frown slightly.
They really didn’t think about this issue carefully and just used it.
Since Faraday invented the concept of fields, subsequent physicists have inherited this method.
Electric field lines, magnetic field lines, the direction of the field is related to the direction of the force.
The form of its force is the same as the law of universal gravitation, which is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
But it seems that no one has studied its essence.
The field is real because magnets can feel the field and interact with it.
For a moment, the physicists present began to think quietly.
Li Qiwei also continued: "The above are the theories of classical physics and the various problems currently encountered."
"These problems cannot be explained by the three major theories. We must create a new theory."
"So, taking the proposal of quantum theory in 1900 as the limit, I call the next period modern physics."
" In addition to solving the above remaining problems, physics also needs to explain the following three problems.”
"That is X-rays, radioactivity, atoms and electrons."
"Of course, these three problems are also pits dug by Professor Roentgen, Marie Curie, and Professor Thomson for everyone."
>After speaking, everyone burst into laughter in the conference room.
Obviously, Li Qiwei’s humor and ridicule diluted the somewhat serious atmosphere at the venue.
“Actually, in the final analysis, these three problems all arise from the same problem.”
"That is the study of atoms."
"X-rays are produced from atoms, radioactivity is produced from atoms, and electrons are produced from atoms."
"Atoms There are so many secrets inside, its composition and structure, so far, we only know the surface."
"There are still many things that cannot be explained by my atomic nucleus and planetary model theory."< br>
“For example, does the atomic nucleus have a more subdivided composition and structure.”
"What kind of existence is an electron? Is it a solid ball?"
"Why does it move forever? Doesn't it violate the law of conservation of energy?"
"In addition, the photoelectric effect , element spectroscopy, and the periodic table of elements are, in essence, closely related to atoms. "
"The photoelectric effect is the interaction between atoms and light, element spectroscopy is the interaction between atoms and energy, and the periodic table of elements is. It is the interaction within the atom. "
"Therefore, I think that the focus of physics in the future will be the study of atoms. "
"The reason why physicists feel confused at present, that physics is messy and has no main line, is because they have not thought about the nature of the problem."
"As I said before, Newton's three laws of mechanics , Maxwell's equations, and the three laws of thermodynamics, they are all simple and beautiful."
"There must be a unified theory behind countless different phenomena."
Speaking of this, Li Qiwei suddenly raised his voice, his expression became firm, and he waved his arms vigorously.
Everyone present was affected by his changes and couldn't help but sit upright, as if listening to some shocking words.
"Therefore, I think the research of modern physics can be conceived this way."
"With atomic research as the core, the development of a theory can explain all the behaviors of atoms."
"From these Behavior, and then deduce various phenomena such as X-rays, radioactivity, and spectral problems. "
"This theory will definitely become a layer of the physics building like the three major theories of classical physics."
“Currently, quantum theory has great potential.”
"In addition, there is an important parallel, that is the theory of relativity."
"I personally believe that the core of the theory of relativity is time and space."
"This theory has no so-called experimental basis , but the category of pure theoretical physics."
"The physics of the future must be the world of quantum theory and relativity!"
"The above is my understanding of classical physics and modern physics. Summary and views ”
"I hope everyone here can point out my shortcomings."
"Thank you."
Boom!
When Li Qiwei finished his speech, thunderous applause erupted in the conference room.
Many of the big guys present were impressed by Li Qiwei’s profound insight.
Although what he said is already known.
But how to peel off the cocoons and connect seemingly unrelated physical phenomena together requires a very high level of physical knowledge.
Even Röntgen, Lorenz, Planck and others, if they ask themselves, they cannot do this.
That’s why they couldn’t help but applaud desperately.
The emergence of a genius like Li Qiwei in physics is simply the best thing in the world.
Blues are not born from nature, physics is like a long night!
As for the younger generation such as Einstein and Langevin, they admire Li Qiwei.
After the other party’s analysis, the seemingly complicated and endless physical phenomena no longer cause headaches.
Physicists can systematically study various new phenomena, starting from atomic research, just like reading a text on the palm of their hand.
We even have goals to work towards.
That is to use a theory to explain all phenomena.
Einstein had to lament that he thought he had caught up with Bruce, but he was still far behind.
The other party’s speech will undoubtedly go down in history.
Bruce's perspective is too high, even higher than the physics building.
Einstein couldn't imagine how he could summarize such content.
This almost points the way for those who come after.
If the older generation of physicists appreciate Li Qiwei, and the physicists of the same generation admire Li Qiwei, then the younger generation of Bohr and others have only endless admiration.
At this moment, Bohr seemed to have a fire burning in his heart.
Li Qiwei’s prediction made him completely crazy.
He never thought that someone could analyze physics so thoroughly.
It’s as if physics was created by the other party.
At this moment, Li Qiwei was like a god in Bohr's heart.
Even if today's meeting ends here, Bohr believes that it will cause a super earthquake in physics.
Every sentence in this speech contains countless information and secrets.
It is as if the Creator is personally teaching humans a lesson.
Endless shock!
Li Qiwei looked at everyone with a smile and took their reactions as granted.
Dozens of talented physicists gathered together and spent decades to create great results.
Now he summed it up in a few sentences.
If this cannot shock the people present, then Li Qiwei can only suspect that their IQ is not enough.
From today on, the foundations of quantum mechanics and relativity have been laid by him.
No matter how physics develops in the future.
All physicists will live in his shadow.
No matter what results they produce, they are inseparable from the content of Li Qiwei’s speech today.
Li Qiwei is like the god of physics, standing high in the sky of physics, overlooking countless geniuses, and building physics buildings according to his instructions.
(End of this chapter)