Chapter 286 God takes action! Orbital shape quantization! (Day 8, please subscribe!)
Faced with Michelson’s sharp questions, Bohr finally chose to give up.
But it's not because he's not smart enough.
Because everyone present, even the physics boss in the front row, was at a loss.
The question raised by Michelson is really too difficult.
However, even if everyone is powerless, there is one last person left in the venue, who holds all hope.
He is the first person in physics today, Professor Bruce.
At this moment, everyone’s eyes were focused on Li Qiwei.
Hold your breath and wait.
Will there really be a miracle?
However, Li Qiwei's first words made everyone present instantly confused.
“Why does it have to be round?”
Although his voice was very soft, it was still clearly transmitted to everyone’s ears through the loudspeaker.
Most people look at me and I look at you, wondering what the mystery is in this sentence.
"Circle? What circle?"
"Professor Bruce must have thought wrong. There is something circular, hehehe."
"The field is circular. It seems that there are only electron orbits drawn by Bohr."< br>
“Does it mean a circular orbit?”
At this moment, everyone in the audience was talking about it.
Many people even looked to the front row, wanting to see the reaction of the big guys.
They should be able to understand what's going on.
Planck, Lorenz, Thomson and others first frowned, then seemed to be calculating, and finally realized.
However, they are not sure.
But there is only one thought in their minds: Bruce is indeed worthy of the title of the first genius in physics.
The moment Bohr heard about the circle, he seemed to have an epiphany.
His mind instantly opened up, and there was endless spiritual light slanting down from the highest point.
Bohr felt that his heart was jumping, cheering, and welcoming the greatest wisdom of mankind.
Next to him, Michelson stared blankly at the content on the wall, feeling shocked in his heart.
After three full minutes, Li Qiwei finally spoke.
He regained his former domineering attitude, waved his hand and said loudly: "I have found a solution."
boom!
The momentum that erupted in the venue almost blew off the roof.
Everyone is excited!
Professor Bruce is truly terrifying!
“Oh, my God, my blood is already boiling and I automatically assume the role of Professor Bruce.”
"As expected, he is indeed the man closest to God in the field of physics. He is really terrifying."
"What is close to God? Professor Bruce is the God of Physics!"
Boom!
At this moment, everyone was impressed by Li Qiwei’s strength.
Bohr can’t;
Michelson can’t do it;
All the big guys here can’t do it;
Neither can the recent rising stars of physics.
No way!
Only Professor Bruce can do it!
He is the only true god of physics!
At this moment, the atmosphere in the venue could no longer be suppressed, and the voices became louder and louder.
Everyone chanted "Blues!"
On the stage, Li Qiwei looked at the almost worshipful cheers from the audience, and his heart was filled with pride.
At this moment, he became the center of the meeting again.
Everyone's eyes were filled with his presence.
Li Qiwei had a slight smile on his face: He’s strong enough, let’s start showing off!
I saw his right hand pressing in the air.
Wow!
The venue fell silent instantly.
This scene made Bohr's mouth go dry.
So damn exciting!
“Okay, since this problem is very troublesome for everyone.”
“Then I won’t be too pretentious and I will finish my explanation in one breath.”
“ In Bohr's model, the electron's orbit is a standard circle."
"The quantum number of the orbital number is represented by n."
"The value of n represents how many orbits the electron has outside the nucleus."
"So the nucleus will be the center. , forming a series of concentric circles."
"This is the diagram drawn by Bohr."
"Obviously, this cannot explain why electrons jump from a specific high energy level. Specific low energy levels produce electromagnetic waves of two wavelengths.”
"Although Bohr did not answer, his analysis is correct."
"That is, the electron must have undergone two transitions."
"And the difference between these two transitions is The energy difference is very small."
"Let's take the electron transitioning from the third energy level to the second energy level and emitting electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of 656nm as an example."
"Why did I ask. One sentence: It must be round.”
"Because if we abandon the inertia of thinking, we completely assume that the orbit of the electron is not necessarily circular, it can be elliptical."
"Since the number of orbits is quantized, why is the shape of the orbit Can't it be quantized? "
"I will call it [orbital shape quantum number] for the time being, and the symbol is represented by [l] (lowercase L)
Boom!
As soon as Li Qiwei finished speaking, the audience was in an uproar
Everyone was stunned by his unbridled idea.
“Oh my god, can the shape also be quantized?”
“That means the orbit of electrons can be circular, elliptical, or even pentagram-shaped?”
"No, it's definitely not right. There must be requirements for shape here. Let's continue to listen to Professor Bruce."
The big guys in the front row finally understood Li Qiwei's thoughts at this moment.
What followed was admiration.
This idea is really too daring to think about.
But it is reasonable.
It is obviously a very simple extension, but no one can think of it.
Because of the circular motion deeply ingrained in everyone’s mind, the shape of the orbit is circular
Elliptical orbits are rare to see.
Bohr even took a breath of air.
My heart is in turmoil.
"Yeah, why didn't I think of that."
"Hey, I thought I was very close to my mentor, but I didn't expect that I still can't compare to him."
"I think I have postponed my PhD graduation and studied more with my tutor."
Li Qiwei ignored everyone's shock and continued:
"Of course, some people may have questions, then Why can't the orbit be a triangle? It must be an ellipse. "
"Because it must be an ellipse. I just got distracted and was actually calculating this problem. "
Of course, this is Li Qiwei. Nonsense, he was distracted because he was thinking about his wife and children.
"Okay, now the electron's orbit can be elliptical, how does that help us explain Professor Michelson's problem?"
At this moment, Ridgway began to calculate, and his calculation process was displayed in real time. Projection on the wall.
Everyone followed his explanation, listening to the lecture and watching the demonstration.
“If the electron moves around the nucleus in an elliptical orbit, its speed will be different from the circular orbit.”
“And if the relativistic effect of the electron is considered.”
< br>
"Then the electron in the elliptical orbit will have a greater mass because of its greater speed."
"Let's take the third orbit as an example."
"The circular third orbit The shape of the two orbits and the elliptical third orbit are different, so the energy is different."
"But according to calculations, the difference between the two is very small."
" Therefore, when the electron transitions to the second orbit, it emits electromagnetic waves of two different wavelengths.”
"This is why the spectral lines at 656nm are two very close together."
"The above is my explanation to Professor Michelson."
Boom!
The venue fell into deathly silence.
Everyone stared at Bruce's derivation process on the wall with wide eyes.
The hypothesis of quantization of orbital shapes is proposed. Those terrifyingly complex formulas finally concluded that the energy level of an elliptical orbit is very different from that of a circular orbit.
This perfectly explains the phenomenon of the splitting of the Balmer genealogy line.
And there are exactly two for two kinds of tracks.
At this moment, in everyone’s mind, there is no other adjective except awesome.
"Oh my God, today I really saw the horror of Professor Bruce."
"It turns out that such a person really exists in the world. Compared with Professor Bruce, I am no different from a gorilla in Africa." "
"The gorilla can peel bananas, and I can do math problems. We both have a bright future."
"I can't imagine how Professor Bruce can be such a genius. To what extent, does this give us ordinary people a way to survive?”
“.”
Hundreds of people at the scene were all plunged into hysterical madness.
The shock that Li Qiwei brought them will never be forgotten.
This is the strength of the first person in physics today!
Overwhelm all kings!
The best in the world!
The big guys in the front row were also completely impressed by Li Qiwei at this moment.
The other party's eclectic imagination and solid computing power made everyone sigh.
Especially Sommerfeld.
He suddenly felt a sharp pain in his chest.
It was as if something most precious was lost.
Looking at the previous formula and results, the hypothesis is so perfect that it makes people obsessed.
As if. As if Bruce's thoughts should be his own.
Sommerfeld quickly shook his head to get rid of the complicated emotions.
“Hey, what am I thinking about?”
“How can I be compared with Professor Bruce.”
"Only he can come up with this kind of amazing and brilliant idea on the spot."
Li Qiwei: I'm sorry, Brother Suo, after the meeting, I'll treat you to a meal alone.
Planck laughed happily, and Ridgway surprised him again.
He and Thomson were exchanging ideas on postgraduate training.
Aroused the envy of several big guys around him.
At this moment, Michelson on the stage read Li Qiwei's derivation word for word.
Then he breathed a heavy sigh of relief.
"Bruce, you really didn't disappoint us."
"You can't accept old age."
"I'm afraid I won't give you ten more for this genius idea of yours." Years, I can’t think of it either.”
Li Qiwei smiled modestly, "I just pierced a layer of window paper."
"In fact, the whole derivation process is not particularly complicated."
"The important thing is that we must always use quantum concept, to think about the problem."
"Minimize the influence of classical physics on our thinking."
Bohr next to him was already flushed with excitement.
Li Qiwei said something and he nodded.
Become the biggest fan.
Because this reasoning is so exciting.
It was so wonderful that Bohr was convinced and convinced.
“I will never be able to catch up with my mentor in ten lifetimes.”
At this time, Li Qiwei suddenly continued: "Of course, there is one more thing that needs to be added to the explanation I just made."
"That is, the value of the orbital shape quantum number l has not been explained yet."
"According to my calculations, the value of l is an integer between 0 and n-1."
"For example, when n=1, then l can only be 0. The orbit at this time is Circular. "
"When n=2, l can be 0 or 1, then there are two optional orbits. "
"But be careful: when n=2, the value of l only affects the second orbit."
"For example, for the second orbit, if l=0, the orbit is circular ; If l=1, the orbit is an ellipse. "
"But no matter what shape the second orbit is, it does not affect the first orbit being circular."
[Many in later generations. The textbooks don’t mention this, but just talk about s orbitals, p orbitals, and d orbitals, which is very misleading to students! 】
“Similarly, when n=3, l can be 0, 1 or 2, then there are three optional orbits.”
"And the value of l only affects the third orbit."
"l=0, the third orbit is circular; l=1, the third orbit is elliptical; l=2, it can be visualized The third orbit is considered to be a flatter ellipse."
[Note that, at the same time, the value of the second orbit l is not affected. 】
【For example, assume that an atom has three orbitals. 】
【Then the first orbit can only be circular. 】
[When the second orbit is elliptical, the third orbit has three shapes. 】
【When the second orbit is circular, the third orbit also has three shapes. 】
[It is equivalent to saying that if an atom has three orbitals. Then it has a total of 6 different track combinations. 】
【These combinations exist at the same time, and the electron may be in any one. 】
Then, Li Qiwei drew a schematic diagram to facilitate the understanding of everyone present.
boom!
This table shocked everyone present.
Michelson asked excitedly: "Bruce, did you just come up with these in such a short period of time?"
Li Qiwei smiled softly and said: "Accurately Said, it started from Professor Michelson's question."
"I have been calculating the theoretical feasibility of this hypothesis in my mind."
"At present, at least theoretically, there is no problem with it."
"And the hypothesis of quantization of orbital shape coincides with Bohr's quantization of orbital number."
< br>“So, I have reason to think that my theory is correct.”
Boom!
The audience burst into thunderous applause.
At this moment, even ordinary students understood Li Qiwei's theory.
If everyone is willing to admit the correctness of Bohr's model, then Ridgway's hypothesis will be logical.
And the Bohr model has been proven by so many experiments.
There is a high probability that it will not make a big mistake.
Then Li Qiwei added, perfectly explaining Michelson's problem.
Therefore, from any logical point of view, Ridgway's hypothesis is very reasonable.
Bohr seemed to have been drained of all his strength.
The ups and downs just now made his mood fluctuate.
If he were older, his heart might not be able to bear it and he would have burped long ago.
Now he finally understood why his mentor decided to theme this meeting as Quantum Summit.
It's so apt.
Professor Bruce has single-handedly raised the Bohr model to a higher level.
It can be said to turn the tide.
This is the process of climbing to the top.
Planck, Thomson and others looked at Li Qiwei like a treasure, with approval in their eyes.
Michelson sighed, feeling a little regretful.
"I should have squeezed a little more out of Bruce last time."
As for Einstein, Laue and others, in addition to worshiping, they still worship.
Li Qiwei impressed everyone.
However.
Just then.
A slight sound interrupted the heated atmosphere of the entire venue.
"No, Bruce, there's a problem with your theory."
Boom!
Those present: Boss, don’t do this, your heart can’t stand it!
(End of this chapter)