Chapter 287 The second question! The spectral lines split again? Zeeman effect and GKY effect!
Li Qiwei, with his wild imagination, proposed the concept of orbital shape quantization, and expressed it with l.
For the second orbit and higher order orbits of atoms, the orbital shape is no longer only a circle, but can become an ellipse.
The larger the order, the more types of elliptical shapes there are.
In this way, the phenomenon of the spectrum splitting into two spectral lines in the Balmer system can be perfectly explained.
And this not only does not negate the Bohr model, but strengthens the theoretical correctness of the model.
At this moment, quantum theory really begins to show its elegance.
However, just when everyone, even the big guys, were amazed by Li Qiwei's explanation.
Someone actually raised questions.
This is so exciting.
Everyone looked at the speaker in unison.
I discovered that the other party turned out to be Professor Lorenz!
Another Nobel Laureate in Physics!
Boom!
“Oh my god, the excitement of today’s meeting will probably go down in history.”
"Professor Bruce has just eliminated a Nobel Prize winner, and another one comes to mess up the situation."
"When did the Nobel Prize become so worthless."
"This is the real thing. One person is challenging the world of physics."
"Damn it, if it were me, I would die tomorrow."
"This is a real man!"< br>
Everyone's emotions were completely ignited by Lorenz's words.
The sound in the venue seemed to shatter the sky.
This is the benefit of titles.
Li Qiwei also had verbal battles with other scholars in the past, such as the first quantum theory conference.
But at that time, the Nobel Prize had not yet appeared.
Ordinary people, even ordinary physics majors, have no idea about the strength of physics masters.
I don’t know who is strong or weak.
However, now that there is a Nobel Prize, it is like having a theory for physical phenomena.
Everything is clear.
Those who have not won the Nobel Prize are not necessarily rookies, but those who can win the Nobel Prize must be awesome bosses.
Now, Li Qiwei has used his superior strength to crush the problem of Michelson, the Nobel laureate.
Solve an urgent need for Bohr.
However, another Nobel laureate, Lorenz, took action.
At this moment, the venue gradually became quiet.
Everyone held their breath, waiting for the big boss to speak.
They even expected in their hearts, can anyone ask Professor Bruce today?
Lorentz looked at Ridgway and said with a smile: "Bruce, I have to say, your theory is very exciting."
"There is a very interesting constant in your derivation process just now. But I don’t know why you didn’t continue to mention it.”
Everyone was stunned and didn’t understand what Lorenz was talking about.
Of course, Li Qiwei knew what the other party meant, and he laughed: "Professor Lorenz, I originally wanted to say something, but you interrupted me."
"It doesn't matter. After answering your question, I will talk about that thing in detail."
The people present were confused by the riddle-like conversation between the two.
I once again experienced the feeling of being an African gorilla.
Even Bohr and Michelson were confused.
They watched the entire derivation process and found nothing special.
Lorenz smiled and said nothing.
Previously, Lorenz had always faced everyone with the image of a professional host.
However, when he returned to his original identity, everyone remembered that he was a super boss in physics.
Strength cannot be underestimated.
At this moment, Lorenz finally no longer concealed his aura, and the powerful aura of a Nobel Prize winner burst out.
Everyone saw his sharp eyes, shining brightly.
I saw him slowly walking onto the podium, ready to ask his questions.
After signaling to Michelson, Michelson walked off the stage with a smile and said jokingly:
"Professor Lorenz, I hope you can create some difficulties for Bruce."
“Today, there are hundreds of us here, fighting against their master and apprentice.”
"If we lose, Bruce will be so happy."
"I guess he will make fun of us old guys when we meet in the future."
Lorenz and the audience The crowd laughed.
Even Li Qiwei couldn't help laughing and touched his nose awkwardly.
Professor Michelson is indeed humorous.
However, when everyone thought about it, there was nothing wrong with what the other party said.
Not even the master and the apprentice, but Bruce alone, challenging them all.
The most important thing is that Bruce won the first round.
It was so terrifying.
At this moment, Li Qiwei said with a smile: "I don’t think I need to introduce it, so let us welcome Professor Lorenz to ask questions."
Snap!
The venue suddenly burst into applause.
Lorenz carries their hopes.
The style of this meeting completely changed because of Michelson's joke.
The big guys are thinking about how to verify quantum theory, while everyone else wants to refute Li Qiwei.
Bohr next to him was not depressed, but in high spirits.
Because there is no frustration, he is not strong enough.
Having such close contact with his mentor’s peerless elegance made Bohr dazzled and excited.
This is the style of a physics master.
Soon, the venue gradually became quiet.
Lorenz threw his numbers against the wall.
Obviously, he came prepared and had prepared data in advance.
“I know that many of the participants in today’s meeting are students who are still in school.”
“So, like Professor Michelson, I also prepared some materials in advance.”
"In this case, it will be easier for everyone to understand what my problem is."
"Professor Michelson just gave a very good demonstration."
"His questions, if there is no accompanying diagram and just rely on your head to think about it, will be very abstract."
"I I have always believed that asking questions is equally important as doing research. ”
“A good question must not only be understood by oneself, but also understood by others.”
“ Only when you express the problem clearly can you truly understand the problem. ”
"Otherwise, you may not even understand the essence of what you want to ask."
While showing the data, Lorenz talked about his research insights.
Far from feeling boring and dogmatic, everyone present listened with great interest.
Ordinary students will never come into contact with an academic master like Lorenz in their lifetime.
Now, having the opportunity to listen to each other’s experience is a good thing that money can’t buy.
The experience of the big guys must be summed up after they have experienced countless lessons.
For newcomers, it is a priceless treasure and can avoid many detours.
“Please see, this is the result that Zeeman and I won the second Nobel Prize for.”
“That is, the study of the Zeeman effect.”
“ The so-called Zeeman effect means that the spectrum of atoms will split into three lines in a strong magnetic field. ”
"This kind of splitting is different from the Balmer genealogy line splitting mentioned by Professor Michelson just now."
"The spectral lines split by the Zeeman effect have a large difference between them and are very different in the spectrum. Easy to find. ""As shown in the picture, this is the Zeeman effect of the hydrogen atom spectrum I did recently."
"You can see that there is an original spectral line when the hydrogen atom is taken. After being placed in a strong magnetic field, the spectral line immediately split into three."
"In addition, I also prepared data on the GKY effect, which is the same as the Zeeman effect."
"As you all know, the most important recent paper should be published by three of Bruce's doctoral students."
"They discovered that if the atomic spectrum is placed in a strong electric field, the Zeeman effect will occur. The same phenomenon."
"The spectral line of the atom will also split into three."
"This effect is called the GKY effect."
"As shown in the figure. This is the result of the experiment I repeated with hydrogen atoms, and the splitting of the spectral lines can be clearly seen.”
“The reason why I put them together is because they cannot be explained by the Bohr model.”
“Originally, I wanted to be the first to ask the question, but I didn’t expect Professor Michelson to be in front of me. ”
“When Bruce proposed orbital shape quantization, I was extremely surprised at first”
“Because this may also explain the Zeeman effect and the GKY effect”< br>
“But, as I continued to think deeply, I found that no.”
"Even if Bohr's model adds another quantum number, it still cannot explain these two effects."
"Because the energy difference between circular orbits and elliptical orbits is very small, the different transitions of electrons cannot It produces electromagnetic waves with very different wavelengths."
"The most important thing is that the spectral lines are split into 3, not 2."
"This is my problem."
Boom!
As soon as Lorenz finished speaking, the venue suddenly took a breath of air.
Although the other party's tone was plain, his explanation was very clear and logical.
So even ordinary students can understand Lorenz's problem.
I was immediately shocked.
“Oh my God, is this the strength of a Nobel Prize winner?”
"Professor Bruce's theory is already so perfect, but I didn't expect that there are still loopholes."
"The Zeeman effect and the GKY effect are so awesome, how come I didn't know about them."
>"It's terrible, it's really terrible. I wonder if Professor Bruce can explain it this time?"
Gregory and Chris in the audience looked very excited.
“Look, that’s our paper.”
The two of them never thought that their theory would one day be presented at such a high-level conference.
And he also challenged his mentor, the great Professor Bruce.
The two of them were trembling, and their blood was boiling.
After a while, their names will spread throughout the physics community.
But Yu Yin sat there quietly, thinking about how to explain this problem.
Bohr on the stage did not show much surprise after hearing Lorenz's question.
Because before the meeting, he knew that his model could not explain the problem.
However, Li Qiwei's answer gave him hope.
Now it seems that hope has been dashed again.
He was too immersed in listening just now and did not consider whether the orbital shape quantum numbers could explain the Zeeman effect.
Now that I calm down and think about it, I really can’t explain it.
As for many ordinary students present, although the Zeeman effect has been proposed for more than ten years.
But it is not easy to immediately think of its relationship with Bohr's model.
Don't look at Bohr, Qian Wushi and others, they are all talking about the most cutting-edge physics topics.
That’s because they have a good mentor and their own resources are not comparable to ordinary people.
They are already at the top of physics and belong to that small group.
For ordinary students, the achievements of those Nobel laureates are actually very far away from them.
Maybe they just heard a name, but they don’t understand it if they go deeper.
Many of the big guys in the front row, including Michelson, Planck and others, frowned slightly again.
At today’s meeting, these legendary Nobel Prize-winning bosses could only frown.
They still didn't know how to explain the second question
At this time, a bold student in the crowd suddenly said: "I know this question, so let's add another quantum number to Bohr's model."< br>
Boom!
A huge burst of laughter suddenly erupted in the venue.
“This little clever guy has spoken, let me see what quantum number you are going to find.”
"The size, number, and shape of the orbits are already quantized. How can it be possible that the parameter energy is still quantized?"
"It's not a boast, but his idea is still fine."
Yes, even the big guys present, the first thing they thought of was to add another quantum number.
But here comes the problem.
What to add?
I feel like there's not much room to add.
Is it the speed of electrons?
That’s even more nonsense. How can the speed be quantum?
Bohr looked at Lorenz's question and rubbed his chin with his hand.
Now he is not in a hurry. With Professor Bruce in front of him, he can think calmly.
"Since the spectral line has split again, it means that there must be a quantum number."
"And the number of splits in the spectral line is 3, which means that this quantum number is different from the orbital shape quantum number."
“The range of values is larger, so there are more optional orbits.”
“But, what will it be?”
Bohr fell into thinking again. .
Today's meeting was nothing less than a rebirth for him.
It turns out that the top physics conference is so exciting.
The IQ is slightly lower and he is not even qualified to think.
He now glanced downwards from the corner of his eye.
The eyes of most people are full of clear stupidity.
Abba Abba
At this moment, everyone in the venue focused their attention on Li Qiwei again.
Everyone believes that only he can give the answer.
Lorenz, Bohr, the big guys in the front row, the middle guys in the middle, and other people in the venue.
At this moment, everyone held their breath and stared.
"Bruce, can you create a miracle again?"
Ritchie did not look at the crowd, but quietly watched the Zeeman effect and GKY effect demonstrated by Lorenz.
Just watch quietly.
Not a word.
One minute
Two minutes.
Three minutes.
Still no one disturbed me.
Five minutes have passed.
Suddenly.
Li Qiwei turned around and grinned at everyone in the audience.
Boom!
At this moment, even a fool knows what is going on.
The crowd went absolutely crazy.
Everyone was in disbelief.
In just such a short time, Professor Bruce found a solution.
“My God, today’s meeting is not so much for Bohr. I think it is Professor Bruce’s home field.”
“No way, Bruce’s strength does not allow it. He's low-key."
Wilson curled his lips: This guy was tricked by Bruce again.
(End of this chapter)