Chapter 527 The power of wave dynamics! Atoms are the illusion of electron wave diffraction! A verbal battle! The discussion begins!
Heisenberg's report shocked everyone.
A good physics theory can not only explain existing problems, but also predict unknown phenomena.
Obviously, this is the case when finding nuclear isomers through matrix mechanics.
Although the old quantum theory system accommodates electron spins, it cannot describe the spins of atomic nuclei.
Because everything in the old quantum theory is centered on electrons, describing the state and behavior of electrons.
Matrix mechanics is a more underlying theoretical system, which is not only suitable for electrons, but also for all microscopic particles.
So, although the nucleus is thousands of times larger than electrons, it is also a microscopic particle and can be incorporated into the framework of matrix mechanics.
So, Heisenberg can theoretically demonstrate the existence of nuclear spins, thereby discovering nuclear isomers of hydrogen molecules.
This is the superiority of theory.
The latest research in later generations found that even when it reaches the macromolecular level, matter still has quantum effects.
From the quantum range to the macro range, this dividing line is difficult to accurately define.
It's like in philosophy that how many grains of sand are piled together is considered a desert.
Of course, now is only the early stage of the development of quantum mechanics, and the big guys have not considered this situation.
At this moment, Schrödinger looked at Heisenberg. Even if the other party was an opponent, he admired it from the bottom of his heart.
Now his wave dynamics are the mainstream in the physics community.
We use the wave equations to study quantum mechanics.
In this case, Heisenberg was able to dig deep into the potential of matrix mechanics, which made him amazed.
In purely in mathematics and physics abilities, Heisenberg's hard power is definitely beyond his.
However, although Schrödinger was a little stressed inside, his face was calm.
"My wave dynamics are not bad either!"
At this time, Lorentz's voice sounded:
"Please report from Dr. Schrödinger."
Schrödinger is well again Put your face in order and strode forward.
When he passed by Heisenberg, a thunder spark seemed to explode.
The two of them had an unparalleled sharp edge at the same time!
Come on!
Schrödinger nodded gently to everyone and began his speech.
"The wave equation is established by analogy based on material waves."
"Hamilton compared mechanics and optics a long time ago." br>
"For example, the principle of the shortest distance of light in optics and the principle of the minimum amount of action in mechanics are very similar."
"Since mechanics and optics are similar, and matter has volatility, then it will naturally be There is fluctuation optics."
"."
In such a high-end conference, Schrödinger could not say directly that his fluctuation equation was made up by inspiration.
So, he had to come up with a theoretical paradigm.
Just like Professor Bruce found inspiration from Tai Chi diagrams before.
The comparison between optics and mechanics is a good thinking process.
In history, many physicists have done this.
However, Schrödinger's theory is obviously not that simple.
At this time, he continued:
"With the contrast between light and force, and through wave dynamics, we can explain a common problem."
At this, Schrödinger smiled slightly, glanced at everyone, and said mysteriously:
< br>"Why is the diameter of the atom on the order of 10^-10 meters?"
Wow!
Everyone was shocked when he heard this.
What's the problem?
The diameter of the atom is measured through experiments, just like the speed of light.
Someone may have asked why the speed of light is 3×10^8 meters per second.
But I will definitely not get the answer.
The world runs and is prescribed.
And now, Schrödinger’s question means similar.
But, today all the big guys and geniuses in physics are present.
What is the significance of this problem?
No one thinks Schrödinger would do this on purpose.
There must be his unique thinking.
The crowd suddenly became extremely curious.
Li Qiwei smiled slightly, and felt very interesting in his heart.
He hadn't considered this kind of problem either.
He sighed in his heart.
"Sure enough, these famous big shots in history have different thinking than ordinary people."
"If you think you understand these big shots just through a few formulas and results, you'd be very wrong. .”
At this moment, Li Qiwei felt that it was such a wise choice to experience the process of establishing quantum mechanics in person.
The theoretical achievements of these geniuses are not worth mentioning compared to their own thinking!
If you only value existing theories, it is putting the cart before the horse.
The thoughts of geniuses are the most precious treasure in the history of science!
However, Heisenberg disagreed.
"Hmph, it's mysterious!"
Under everyone's gaze, Schrödinger continued: "De Broglie gave a calculation in his paper. Examples of electron wavelengths.”
"If an electron has accelerated through a potential difference of 200V, its wavelength is 8.7×10^-11 meters."
" According to the matter wave formula λ=h/p, if the electron's speed is reduced, then its The wavelength will become longer. "
"So, the wavelength of an electron is possible on the same order of magnitude as the diameter of an atom." "
"I don't think this is a coincidence, nor is it a matter of Special assumptions. "
" According to wave dynamics, if we associate the concepts of interference and diffraction with atomic dimensions, we will come up with a completely new explanation."
"Atoms are not real particles, they are just illusions after the interference and diffraction superposition occur after the nucleus captures electron waves!"
"Use wave dynamics, we can explain the essence of the existence of atoms!"
Boom!
The whole seat was shocked!
Everyone was stunned by Schrödinger's bold thoughts!
This is too imaginative!
"Oh, God!"
"Are the people trained by Professor Bruce so incredible?"
"This idea is too horrifying!" br>
In the famous Poisson experiment, after light passes through the disc diffraction, a halo region will be formed, which is actually a diffraction region.
Schrödinger means that atoms are similar to halos produced by light diffraction.
So, it does not exist in reality, but is just an external manifestation of waves.
This view completely subverts all the content of existing atomic theory.
Thinking carefully is terrifying!
Li Qiwei was moved in his heart when he heard this.
Schrödinger's thoughts were too advanced.
In the cutting-edge physics research in later generations, there is indeed no concept of atoms.
Atoms are just systems of atomic nuclei and electrons.
It is not the small ball we imagine, it has a clear boundary range.
Not only atoms, even electrons themselves, they do not have the shapes they imagined by humans.
Although it is now known that atoms are composed of nuclei and electrons.
But the physics community has not yet concluded the nature of atoms.
Schrödinger's view is undoubtedly a huge impact.
Einstein and Rutherford are the atomic masters on the field.
The former is good at theory, while the latter is good at experiments.
They were all shocked by Schrödinger's analysis.
Because many existing theories and experimental results show that in some cases, the atom is indeed a ball.
Have mass and momentum.
In statistical mechanics, atoms can be treated as single spheres; in atomic experiments, various particles and rays can be used to bombard atoms.
All these prove that atoms are real existence.
It's just that existing theories cannot describe what this form of existence looks like.
Maybe there is a thin film outside the atom, or the atom itself is composed of more precise substances.
Schrödinger's electron wave diffraction illusion directly broke this conclusion.
"Atoms no longer exist!"
This made Rutherford feel that the sky was falling!
Although this is just a guess, it deeply shocked everyone.
Incredible! Heisenberg's face suddenly looked a little bad.
Wave dynamics is originally favored because of its simplicity.
Now, Schrödinger, like him, has used his own theory to achieve new results.
However, Heisenberg is still confident.
The discussion has not really begun.
He prepared several tricky problems that were difficult to explain in wave dynamics.
At this time, Lorentz smiled and said:
"Thanks to Dr. Schrödinger for his wonderful report."
Schrödinger nodded at him and walked towards his seat.
Lorentz was very moved.
The most new ⊥小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小�
The shock these two young people brought to him was not because of their respective theories.
It is the kind of innovative idea that is about to emerge and vigorously upward.
This reminds him of his youth.
"The state of vitality and everything is still in front of you."
Lorentz did not expect that after Bruce, there would be such a genius-like collision of thoughts in the physics community. .
It's so beautiful!
He looked at Li Qiwei inadvertently.
He wanted to know whether the famous Professor Bruce would also show memories and envy in the face of such a genius young man.
However, when he saw Li Qiwei's expression, he was suddenly shocked!
"Oh my God! What kind of eyes is that?"
At this moment, in Lorentz's eyes, Li Qiwei had transformed into an indescribable existence.
Only a pair of eyes are breathtaking.
His left eye flashed in matrix;
His right eye fluctuated and rippled.
The two are like blending water and milk, outlining the form of truth!
Wow!
Lorentz quickly rubbed his eyes, and when he looked at it again, he found that everything was as usual.
Only the other party responded to a charming smile.
He was shocked and it took him a while to recover.
"What was that just now."
When the discussion in the conference room came to my ears, Lorentz finally returned to reality.
He no longer thought about the terrible scene just now.
The meeting continued.
"Please Schrödinger and Heisenberg, you two come up together."
"Next, we will officially enter the questioning session!"
"First, both sides asked their own questions. ”
Upon hearing this, the two stood up from their seats, walked to the front of the stage at the same time, and stood opposite each other.
It has a duel momentum.
Lorentz said with a smile: "Who starts first?"
Schrödinger smiled and reached out to signal.
He is several years older than Heisenberg, so of course he must be graceful.
Heisenberg was not shy and asked directly: "Dr. Schrödinger, I have a question about your fluctuation equation."
"Please read, this It is an expression of the wave equation. "
(Send it again, so you can't look back and read it)
"According to the viewpoint of wave dynamics, the wave function ψ in the equation represents the change of the state of the electron wave with time and space."
"However, there is an imaginary number i in this equation."
"We know that i is a parameter without physical meaning."
"So, the solution ψ of the wave equation cannot be measured, and it also has no realistic physical meaning."
"So, a How can a wave function without physical meaning represent a description of an electron wave? ”
"After all, according to the view of wave dynamics, electron waves are a real existence."
Schrödinger smiled slightly when he heard this, and immediately replied:
"Yes, ψ itself does not represent any meaning . ”
"But the square|ψ| of its modulus represents the charge density distribution function at the position of t and r at the time. ”
"In other words, ψ carries the Information on charge density.”
"The fluctuation of electrons is reflected in the space charge density distribution."
"The charge amount of electrons is multiplied by |ψ|, which represents the charge density at a certain moment and at a certain place."
As he said that, Schrödinger directly began to demonstrate the calculation.
His previous extensive knowledge was reflected.
He can easily pick up all kinds of electromagnetic equations.
"As you can see that if |ψ| represents the charge density distribution function, then we can very simply deduce the Zeeman effect and the GKY effect."
" These are the two most typical effects of hydrogen atoms, Their essence is actually related to charge density. ”
Wow!
People were shocked.
Schrödinger's explanation of wave function made them feel indescribable.
Although it is awkward, it seems to be true.
After all, according to the other party's definition, problems such as the Zeeman effect can be perfectly explained.
In real history, Schrödinger's explanation of wave functions was extremely complicated.
A lot of knowledge about electromagnetics is used.
For example, dipole moment, current continuity equation, etc.
Most importantly, his theory is very self-righteous and can explain many existing phenomena.
So, Schrödinger did not admit Born's probability explanation until his death.
He has always believed that his point of view is correct.
Heisenberg was shocked.
He didn't expect that the problem he carefully prepared was resolved so easily.
At this time, he asked again: "You said particles are made of waves, how can waves carry charges?" Schrödinger retorted: "What's there? Evidence proves that only particles can carry charges? ”
Heisenberg was speechless.
The charge issue is still a major mystery in the physics community.
People can use charge to do all kinds of things.
But there is no conclusion about its nature.
No one knows how small electrons carry charges.
Heisenberg felt Schrödinger's difficulty.
This is an extremely powerful opponent.
Although he doesn't like wave dynamics, he will never think that the other party is a bad person.
It seems that there is no need to ask any questions I have prepared before.
Schrödinger is definitely not a problem.
Heisenberg had no choice but to use his trump card.
He then asked: "Wave dynamics cannot derive electron spins, how should we explain it?"
Wow!
Everyone exclaimed again.
They didn't expect Heisenberg to ask this problem so quickly.
It seems that the other party was impressed by Schrödinger's strength.
Ordinary questions are meaningless in front of these two geniuses.
Everyone looked at Schrödinger again.
Have he come up with the answer to this fatal question?
In real history, Schrödinger and Heisenberg are among the strongest people under Niu Aimai. So what I described was a little awesome.
Of course, they still have to worship the domineering figure in the end.
(This chapter is over)